3.3, 3.4: Biodiversity and Conservation

Overexploitation

________: has escalated as human populations expand.

Modern agricultural practices

________: can reduce diversity with monocultures, genetic engineering and pesticides.

Extinct

________ (EX): inability to record an organism, all individuals are dead.

Diversity of species

________: in the ecosystem promotes healthy and good environment.

→ extinction

________ can be caused by human activities, such as: habitat destruction, invasive species, pollution, overharvesting, haunting.

Preservation biology

________: attempts to exclude human activity in areas where humans have not yet encroached.

Reintroduction of species

________ does not guarantee survival and may cause a loss of money.

Conservation biology

________: sustainable use and management if natural resources.

Tropical biomes

________: contain some of the most globally biodiverse areas in their unsustainable exploitation results in massive losses in biodiversity and their ability to perform globally impotent ecological services.

→ extinction can be caused by human activities, such as

habitat destruction, invasive species, pollution, overharvesting, haunting

→ complexity of the ecosystem

the more complex a system is, the more resilient its species will be

→ stage of succession

older, more resilient and stable ecosystems which undergo succession are less vulnerable than in young ecosystems

→ limiting factors

changes to materials provided will make it harder and result in species disappearing system is more likely to manage it one of abiotic factors is reduced

→ Inertia

property of an ecosystem to resist when subjected to a disruptive force

Natural hazards

naturally occurring events that may have a negative impact on the environment and humans

Fragmentation of habitat

the process where a large area is divided up into patchwork of fragments

Pollution

caused by humans can degrade or destroy habitats and make them unsuitable to support the range of species

Overexploitation

has escalated as human populations expand

Modern agricultural practices

can reduce diversity with monocultures, genetic engineering and pesticides

Tropical biomes

contain some of the most globally biodiverse areas in their unsustainable exploitation results in massive losses in biodiversity and their ability to perform globally impotent ecological services

International Union for conservation of nature (IUNC)

published the red list of threatened species in several categories

Extinct (EX)

inability to record an organism, all individuals are dead

Extinct in the wild (EW)

captivity as a naturalised species outside past range

Critically end (CE)

considered to be in extremely high risk of extinction

Vulnerable (VU)

high risk of extinction

Near threatened (NT)

close to qualifying for one of the threatened once in the category

Not evaluated (NE)

not evaluated against the criteria

Diversity of species

in the ecosystem promotes healthy and good environment

Direct value

food species, natural products

Indirect value

human rights, environmental services, scientific education values, human health, and ecocentrism

Conservation biology

sustainable use and management if natural resources

Preservation biology

attempts to exclude human activity in areas where humans have not yet encroached

IGO (intergovernmental organisation)

composed of different groups from different countries

Governmental organisations (GOs)

composed of groups funded by a national government

Non-governmental organisation (NGO)

composed of groups run by volunteers, no relation to governments non-profit

Appendix 1

species cannot be traded internationally as they are threatened with extinction

Appendix 2

species can be traded internationally but with strict regulations to ensure sustainably

Appendix 3

a species included at the request of a country which needs help of other countries to prevent illegal exploitation

Designing protected areas

where a conservation area is within a country is a significant factor in the success of the conservation effort