1. History and Physical Exam for Cardio

T/f: cats with heart failure do not cough

true

If a dog comes in and is coughing you must differentiate between if it is cardiac or respiratory in origin. What may this indicate in dogs? (in terms of heart issues)

left heart failure- enlarged heart pressing on trachea

What does coughing indicate in cats?

cat asthma

rarely heartworm disease

What does dyspnea (difficult breathing) manifest first as?

increased resting RR

what could be caused dyspnea?

pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, ascites

Syncope is usually associated with _______________.

arrhythmia

Syncope must be differentiated from what? explain

seizures - due to inadequate oxygen to the brain

what are some causes of ascites aka fluid accumulation?

right heart failure

heartworm

pericardial disease

T/F: ascites can cause dyspnea

true

Paresis due to heart issues typically occurs in (dogs/cats). explain

cats

typically weakness in 1-2 limbs due to thromboembolism

What is the most important sign of possible heart issues?

dyspnea

can an owner 'diagnose' a typical heart rhythm?

yes- a fib

If a dog or cat comes in showing signs of dyspnea what is the first thing you should do?

STABILIZE

give oxygen, observe breathing

what is the only exception in which this must be done even before stabilizing a cat with dyspnea?

throacocentesis

You may see distension of jugular veins in (right/left) heart disease

right

T/F: peripheral and pulmonary edema are due to heart disease

false, just pulmonary

Is CRT longer or shorter with severe heart failure?

longer

If a dog responds to tracheal palpation is this more indicative of respiratory or cardiac disease?

respiratory

S1 is due to which valve closing

AV valve

S2 is due to which valve closing

aortic/ pulmonary

T/F: loundness corresponds to severity of the problem

FALSE

T/F: the higher the grade the louder the murmur

T

When listening to the lungs on thoracic auscultation you may just hear increased bronchovesicular sounds. However if it is quiet and you don't hear much what should you rule out?

pleural effusion

In a cat with _______ you will hear loud crackles

asthma

Does the strength of femoral pulses indicate blood flow?

no- depends on case whether they are bounding or just strong