endocrine

Endocrine

Ductless glands that secrete hormones into the blood

Exocrine

Glands with ducts that secrete substances externally (e.g.

Target cells

Cells with specific receptors for a hormone

Hypophysis

Another name for the pituitary gland

Adenohypophysis

Anterior pituitary

produces hormones like GH

TSH

Hypophyseal portal system

Blood vessels connecting hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

Neurohypophysis

Posterior pituitary

stores/releases ADH and oxytocin

Antagonistic

Hormones with opposing effects (e.g.

Synergistic

Hormones that amplify each other’s effects (e.g.

Effector

The organ/tissue that responds to a hormone

FSH

Follicle-stimulating hormone

anterior pituitary

regulates reproduction

LH

Luteinizing hormone

anterior pituitary

triggers ovulation/testosterone

TSH

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

anterior pituitary

stimulates thyroid

Prolactin

Anterior pituitary hormone

stimulates milk production

Growth hormone

Anterior pituitary

promotes tissue growth/repair

ADH

Antidiuretic hormone

posterior pituitary

reduces urine volume

Oxytocin

Posterior pituitary hormone

uterine contractions/milk ejection

T3/T4

Thyroid hormones

regulate metabolism

growth

Calcitonin

Thyroid hormone

lowers blood calcium

PTH

Parathyroid hormone

raises blood calcium

Steroids

Hormone class from cholesterol (e.g.

Monoamines

Hormones from amino acids (e.g.

Peptides

Hormones from amino acid chains (e.g.

Negative feedback

High hormone levels inhibit further secretion

Positive feedback

Hormone release amplifies its own production (e.g.

Type I diabetes

Autoimmune β-cell destruction

requires insulin

Type II diabetes

Insulin resistance

managed with diet/meds

Diabetes insipidus

ADH deficiency

causes excessive dilute urine

Acromegaly

Excess GH in adults

bone/thick tissue growth

Gigantism

Excess GH in children

abnormal height

Cushing syndrome

Excess cortisol

moon face

hyperglycemia

Addison’s disease

Cortisol deficiency

fatigue

low BP