Pediatric Heart Failure and Congenital Heart Disease Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering Heart Failure, Congenital Heart Disease (Patent Ductus Arteriosus), pediatric Digoxin administration guidelines, and cranial nerve V control.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

A congenital heart condition that increases pulmonary blood flow, causing tachypnea, signs of heart failure, and a characteristic continuous machinery-like murmur.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus Expected Respiratory Finding

An increased respiratory rate (tachypnea) resulting from increased pulmonary blood flow.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus Pulmonary Effect

Increases pulmonary blood flow, which can lead to tachypnea and signs of heart failure.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus Associated Murmur

A continuous machinery-like murmur.

Continuous Machinery-like Murmur

The characteristic heart murmur created by blood flowing continuously through the ductus in patent ductus arteriosus.

Cause of Machinery-like Murmur in PDA

Blood flowing continuously through the ductus.

Early Sign of Heart Failure in an Infant

Sweating during feeding, which signals increased cardiac workload.

Infant Feeding Sweating

An early sign of heart failure in an infant caused by increased cardiac workload during feeds.

Infant Feeding Fatigue

A manifestation of increased cardiac workload during feeds, as feeding acts as physical exercise for an infant.

Infant Feeding Exercise Analogue

Feeding serves as physical exercise for an infant, meaning sweating and fatigue during feeds signal increased cardiac workload.

Cardiac Workload Reduction Strategy: Feeding Frequency

Offering small, frequent feedings to reduce fatigue while meeting nutrition needs.

Cardiac Workload Reduction Strategy: Feeding Rest

Allowing rest periods during feeding sessions to prevent fatigue.

Cardiac Workload Reduction Strategy: Formula

Using a higher-calorie formula as prescribed to provide energy-dense feeds.

Cardiac Workload Reduction Strategy: Feeding Duration

Limiting each feeding session to about 30 minutes to reduce overall fatigue.

Feeding Duration Limit for Infant Cardiac Workload

About 30 minutes per feeding.

Energy-Dense Infant Feeds

Short feeds prepared with higher-calorie formula as prescribed that reduce fatigue while fulfilling nutritional requirements.

Digoxin Pre-Administration Pulse Requirement

Counting the apical pulse for 1 full minute prior to administering the medication.

Digoxin Pre-Administration Assessment Method

Counting the apical pulse for 1 full minute rather than checking a radial pulse for 15 seconds or mixing the drug in a bottle.

Digoxin Pulse Assessment Location

The apical pulse.

Digoxin Pulse Assessment Duration

1 full minute.

Digoxin Withholding Parameters

Holding the drug based on pediatric parameters and the specific prescription.

Muscles of Mastication Control

Controlled by cranial nerve V.

Cranial Nerve V Function

Controls the muscles of mastication.

Tachypnea in PDA

An increased respiratory rate caused by increased pulmonary blood flow in an infant with patent ductus arteriosus.

Small, Frequent Feedings

A nutritional adaptation that decreases infant cardiac workload and reduces fatigue.

Rest Periods During Feeds

Intermissions allowed during feedings to minimize infant fatigue while maintaining adequate nutrition.

Higher-Calorie Formula Use

A prescribed nutritional intervention aimed at making feedings energy-dense and short.

30-Minute Feeding Threshold

The recommended time cap per feeding session to decrease fatigue and workload on an infant's heart.

Apical Pulse

The pulse monitored for 1 full minute prior to giving digoxin to an infant.

1 Full Minute Apical Pulse Count

The exact duration required for assessing an infant's apical heart rate before administering digoxin.

Pediatric Digoxin Parameters

Guidelines used alongside the medical prescription to decide whether digoxin should be withheld.

Ductus Continuous Blood Flow

The acoustic cause of a continuous machinery-like murmur in patent ductus arteriosus.

Heart Failure in Infant Feeding Presentation

Early signs present during feeds as sweating and fatigue due to heightened cardiac workload.

Increased Cardiac Workload Signs in Feeding Infants

Sweating and fatigue during feeding sessions.

Short, Energy-Dense Feeds

Feeds combined with rest periods and prescribed high-calorie formula that lower fatigue while providing necessary nutrition.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Definition

A congenital heart condition characterized by increased pulmonary blood flow, tachypnea, heart failure signs, and a continuous machinery-like murmur.

PDA Respiratory Impact

Leads to an increased respiratory rate (tachypnea) rather than a decreased rate.

PDA Murmur Distinction

A continuous machinery-like murmur, distinguished from pericardial friction rubs, absent heart sounds, or venous hums only.

Early Heart Failure Sign Options

Sweating during feeding, as opposed to increased interest in feeding, slow nail growth, or dry elbows.

Interventions to Decrease Feeding Cardiac Workload

Offering small, frequent feeds, allowing rest periods, using higher-calorie formula as prescribed, and limiting feeds to about 30 minutes.

Inappropriate Feeding Action for Infant Heart Failure

Waking the infant hourly for large feedings, which increases cardiac workload and fatigue.

Digoxin Administration Incorrect Practices

Mixing the medication in a full bottle, repeating a dose after vomiting, or assessing the radial pulse for 15 seconds.

Correct Nursing Action Before Infant Digoxin Dose

Count the apical pulse for 1 full minute.

Ductus Arteriosus

The vessel in PDA through which continuous blood flow generates a machinery-like murmur.

Pulmonary Blood Flow in PDA

Blood flow to the lungs is increased, contributing to tachypnea and heart failure symptoms.

Infant Feeding Workload

Feeding requires effort comparable to physical exercise for an infant, raising cardiac demand.

Nutritional Needs in Infant Heart Failure

Fulfilled using short, energy-dense feedings paired with scheduled rest periods.

Holding Digoxin in Pediatrics

The action of withholding digoxin based on a 1-minute apical pulse count that does not meet pediatric parameters or prescription criteria.

Cranial Nerve V

The cranial nerve responsible for motor control of the muscles of mastication.

Muscles of Mastication

The muscles involved in chewing, controlled by cranial nerve V.

Tachypnea in Infant Heart Failure

Rapid breathing secondary to increased pulmonary blood flow in conditions like PDA.

Infant Cardiac Workload Signs

Clinical indicators such as sweating and fatigue during feeding.

Feeding Time Restriction

Capping feeding sessions at approximately 30 minutes to reduce cardiac workload and fatigue.

Energy-Dense Infant Feeding Rationale

Provides maximum nutrition in short feeds to minimize overall fatigue and workload on the heart.

Apical Pulse Measurement Duration

1 full minute prior to digoxin administration.

Pediatric Parameters for Digoxin

Specific heart rate thresholds and prescription standards used to confirm safety before giving digoxin.

PDA Murmur Characteristics

Continuous and machinery-like sound caused by sustained blood flow through the ductus.

Cardiac Workload Management During Infant Feeding

A combination of small, frequent feeds, rest intervals, high-calorie formula, and a 30-minute time limit.

Sweating During Infant Feeding

An early sign of heart failure resulting from the physical effort of feeding during high cardiac workload.

Digoxin Administration Protocol for Infants

Count the apical pulse for 1 full minute and hold the medication according to pediatric parameters and prescription rules.