Unit 2: Executive Branch and Bureaucracy - AP Government - GENERAL VOCAB, Unit 2: Executive Branch and Bureaucracy - AP Government - WEEK 3, Unit 2: Executive Branch and Bureaucracy - AP Government - WEEK 2, Unit 2: Executive Branch and Bureaucracy -…

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59 Terms

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presidential selection

electoral college

<p>electoral college</p>
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presidential term

4 years, max of 2 terms

<p>4 years, max of 2 terms</p>
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22nd amendment

Limits the president to two terms.

<p>Limits the president to two terms.</p>
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presidential qualifications

- natural born US citizen

- at least 35 years old

- live in the US for 14 years prior to running

<p>- natural born US citizen</p><p>- at least 35 years old</p><p>- live in the US for 14 years prior to running</p>
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How many cabinet departments currently are there?

15

<p>15</p>
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Chief Executive

The role of the president as head of the executive branch of the government.

<p>The role of the president as head of the executive branch of the government.</p>
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Chief Diplomat

The role of the president in recognizing foreign governments, making treaties, and effecting executive agreements.

<p>The role of the president in recognizing foreign governments, making treaties, and effecting executive agreements.</p>
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Chief Legislator

term for the president as architect of public policy and the one who sets the agenda for congress

<p>term for the president as architect of public policy and the one who sets the agenda for congress</p>
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Commander in Chief

term for the president as commander of the nation's armed forces

<p>term for the president as commander of the nation's armed forces</p>
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Impeachment in Congress

HoR: articles of impeachment

Senate: holds trial and convicts to remove

<p>HoR: articles of impeachment</p><p>Senate: holds trial and convicts to remove</p>
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US v. Nixon (1974)

Allowed for executive privilege, but not in criminal cases; "Even the President is not above the law;" Watergate.

<p>Allowed for executive privilege, but not in criminal cases; "Even the President is not above the law;" Watergate.</p>
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12th Amendment

Brought about by the Jefferson/Burr tie, stated that presidential and vice-presidential nominees would run on the same party ticket. Before that time, all of the candidates ran against each other, with the winner becoming president and second-place becoming vice-president.

<p>Brought about by the Jefferson/Burr tie, stated that presidential and vice-presidential nominees would run on the same party ticket. Before that time, all of the candidates ran against each other, with the winner becoming president and second-place becoming vice-president.</p>
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VP in the Constitution

- President of Senate

- Breaks tie in the Senate

<p>- President of Senate</p><p>- Breaks tie in the Senate</p>
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25th Amendment

Presidential succession

<p>Presidential succession</p>
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Chief of party

term for the president as the leader of his or her political party

<p>term for the president as the leader of his or her political party</p>
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approval rating

a measure of public support for a political figure or institution

<p>a measure of public support for a political figure or institution</p>
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What is the trajectory of bureaucracy and why?

GROWING due to increases in population, boundaries, and demands

responses to crises has also increased in size and scope

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Constitutional Basis of the Bureaucracy

Article 2 (president must "execute" the laws -- leads to the creation of the bureaucracy)

<p>Article 2 (president must "execute" the laws -- leads to the creation of the bureaucracy)</p>
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First Administration Cabinet Departments

State (Jefferson)

War (Knox)

Treasury (Hamilton)

Attorney General

<p>State (Jefferson)</p><p>War (Knox)</p><p>Treasury (Hamilton)</p><p>Attorney General</p>
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Federal Bureaucrats Levels

1. Executive Political Appointees

- cabinet secretaries, deputy secretaries

2. Senior Executive Service (SES)

- expected to use their authority to achieve concrete results

3. Career Civil Servants

- job rank clearly defined according to GS levels

- hired based on merit

- job protection from political processes

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4 general types of bureaucracies (and examples)

Cabinet --> defense, homeland security

Commissions --> federal communications commission

Executive Agencies --> EPA

Corporations --> Amtrak and Post Office

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Hatch Act

A federal law prohibiting government employees from active participation in partisan politics.

<p>A federal law prohibiting government employees from active participation in partisan politics.</p>
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Take Care Clause

The constitutional requirement (in Article II, Section 3) that presidents take care that the laws are faithfully executed, even if they disagree with the purpose of those laws.

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Vesting Clause

Article II, Section 1, of the Constitution, which states that "executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America," making the president both the head of government and the head of state.

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Presidential Checks on the Bureaucracy

- appoint and remove individuals at the top layers

- write an annual budget

- harder to control lower level

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Congressional Checks on Bureaucracy

- Senate confirmation of presidential appointees

- Legislation terminates or creates agencies and programs

- oversight (congressional hearings, GAO)

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Government Accountability Office (GAO)

monitors if funds are being spent appropriately

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Powers of the President

- commander in chief

- granting pardons

- making treaties

- appointing ambassadors, Justices, etc

- fill up vacancies in Senate

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Presidential Powers CHECKED by Senate

- securing treaties

- appointing federal positions and Justices

Both require approval

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political patronage

filling administrative positions as a reward for support, rather than solely on merit

<p>filling administrative positions as a reward for support, rather than solely on merit</p>
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Pendleton Act

an act of Congress that created the first United States Civil Service Commission to draw up and enforce rules on hiring, promotion, and tenure of office within the civil service. Also known as Civil Service Reform Act of 1883.

<p>an act of Congress that created the first United States Civil Service Commission to draw up and enforce rules on hiring, promotion, and tenure of office within the civil service. Also known as Civil Service Reform Act of 1883.</p>
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federal civil service

the merit-based bureaucracy, excluding the armed forces and political appointments

<p>the merit-based bureaucracy, excluding the armed forces and political appointments</p>
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merit system

a system of hiring and promotion based on competitive testing results, education, and other qualifications rather than politics and personal connections

<p>a system of hiring and promotion based on competitive testing results, education, and other qualifications rather than politics and personal connections</p>
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iron triangle

coordinated and mutually beneficial activities of the bureaucracy, Congress, and interest groups to achieve shared policy goals

<p>coordinated and mutually beneficial activities of the bureaucracy, Congress, and interest groups to achieve shared policy goals</p>
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issue network

webs of influence between interest groups, policymakers, and policy advocates

<p>webs of influence between interest groups, policymakers, and policy advocates</p>
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implementation

the bureaucracy's role in putting into action the laws that Congress has passed

<p>the bureaucracy's role in putting into action the laws that Congress has passed</p>
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bureaucratic discretion

the power to decide how a law is implemented and, at times, what Congress actually meant when It passed a given law

<p>the power to decide how a law is implemented and, at times, what Congress actually meant when It passed a given law</p>
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regulation

the process through which the federal bureaucracy makes rules that have the force of law, to carry out the laws passed by Congress

<p>the process through which the federal bureaucracy makes rules that have the force of law, to carry out the laws passed by Congress</p>
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bureaucratic adjudication

when the federal bureaucracy settles disputes between parties that arise over the implementation of federal laws or determines which individuals or groups are covered under a regulation or program

<p>when the federal bureaucracy settles disputes between parties that arise over the implementation of federal laws or determines which individuals or groups are covered under a regulation or program</p>
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signing statement

text issued by presidents when signing a bill into law that usually consists of political statements or reasons for signing the bill but that may also include a president's interpretation of the law itself

<p>text issued by presidents when signing a bill into law that usually consists of political statements or reasons for signing the bill but that may also include a president's interpretation of the law itself</p>
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executive order

policy directives issued by presidents that do not require congressional approval

<p>policy directives issued by presidents that do not require congressional approval</p>
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War Powers Resolution

a law passed over President Nixon's veto that restricts the power of the president to maintain troops in combat for more than sixty days without congressional authorization

<p>a law passed over President Nixon's veto that restricts the power of the president to maintain troops in combat for more than sixty days without congressional authorization</p>
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impeachment

the process of removing a president or government official from office

<p>the process of removing a president or government official from office</p>
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Executive Office of the President

a collection of offices within the White House organization designed mainly to provide information to the president

<p>a collection of offices within the White House organization designed mainly to provide information to the president</p>
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bargaining and persuasion

an informal tool used by the president to persuade members of Congress to support his or her policy initatives

<p>an informal tool used by the president to persuade members of Congress to support his or her policy initatives</p>
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bully pulpit

presidential appeals to the public to pressure other branches of government to support his or her policies

<p>presidential appeals to the public to pressure other branches of government to support his or her policies</p>
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going public

a tactic through which presidents reach out directly to the American people with the hope that the people will, in turn, put pressure upon their representatives and senators to press for a president's policy goals

<p>a tactic through which presidents reach out directly to the American people with the hope that the people will, in turn, put pressure upon their representatives and senators to press for a president's policy goals</p>
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federal bureaucracy

the departments and agencies within the executive branch that carry out the laws of the nation

<p>the departments and agencies within the executive branch that carry out the laws of the nation</p>
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bureaucrat

an official employed within a government bureaucracy

<p>an official employed within a government bureaucracy</p>
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executive branch

the institution responsible for carrying out laws passed by the legislative branch

<p>the institution responsible for carrying out laws passed by the legislative branch</p>
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formal powers

powers of the president expressly granted in the Constitution

<p>powers of the president expressly granted in the Constitution</p>
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informal powers

powers not laid out in the Constitution but used to carry out presidential duties

<p>powers not laid out in the Constitution but used to carry out presidential duties</p>
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treaty

an agreement with a foreign government negotiated by the president and requiring a two-thirds vote in the Senate to ratify

<p>an agreement with a foreign government negotiated by the president and requiring a two-thirds vote in the Senate to ratify</p>
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State of the Union

the annual speech from the president to Congress updating that branch on the state of national affairs

<p>the annual speech from the president to Congress updating that branch on the state of national affairs</p>
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veto

formal rejection by the president of a bill that has passed both houses of Congress

<p>formal rejection by the president of a bill that has passed both houses of Congress</p>
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pocket veto

an informal veto caused when the president chooses not to sign a bill within ten days, during a time when Congress has adjourned at the end of a session

<p>an informal veto caused when the president chooses not to sign a bill within ten days, during a time when Congress has adjourned at the end of a session</p>
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presidential pardon

presidential authority to forgive an individual and set aside punishment for a crime

<p>presidential authority to forgive an individual and set aside punishment for a crime</p>
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executive privilege

a right claimed by presidents to keep certain conversations, records, and transcripts confidential from outside scrutiny, especially that of Congress

<p>a right claimed by presidents to keep certain conversations, records, and transcripts confidential from outside scrutiny, especially that of Congress</p>
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executive agreement

an agreement between a president and another nation that does not have the same durability in the American system as a treaty but does not require Senate ratification

<p>an agreement between a president and another nation that does not have the same durability in the American system as a treaty but does not require Senate ratification</p>