CELL BIOLOGY (Transport & Metabolism)

Passive Transport

Transport that does not require energy

Active Transport

Transport that uses energy to move molecules across cellular membranes

Sodium-Potassium Pump

Electrogenic ATPase transporting 3 Na⁺ out and 2 K⁺ in per ATP

Osmosis

Transport of water from high to low concentration

Simple Diffusion

Transport of ions/solutes from high to low concentration through semi-permeable membrane

Facilitated Diffusion

Transport of ions/solutes from high to low concentration via a protein channel

Crenation

Animal cell shrinks in hypertonic solution

Lysis

Animal cell swells or bursts in hypotonic solution

Turgid

Plant cell swells in hypotonic solution

Plasmolysis

Plant cell shrinks in hypertonic solution

Endocytosis

Ingestion of large particles and fluids into vesicles

Exocytosis

Fusion of secretory vesicles with plasma membrane, discharging content outside

Cytoplasm

Site of glycolysis

Glycolysis

Breakdown of glucose to produce 2 pyruvate, ATP, NADH, and water

Matrix of Mitochondria

Site of Krebs Cycle

inner Membrane of Mitochondria

Site of Electron Transport Chain

Oxygen

Last electron acceptor in the ETC

ATP + Pyruvate + NADH

Products of glycolysis

ATP + FADH₂ + NADH

Products of Krebs Cycle

ATP + Water

Products of ETC

Aerobic Respiration

Cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen to produce energy

Anaerobic Respiration

Cellular respiration without oxygen to produce energy

Cellular Respiration

Metabolic pathway using glucose to produce ATP

Calvin Cycle

Photosynthesis reactions using energy from light-dependent reactions to form glucose and carbohydrates

Light-Dependent Reactions

Photosynthesis reactions where sunlight splits water and releases oxygen