Jacob S5 Chem - Greenhouse Effect and Pollution

High energy radiation from the Sun passes through the atmosphere and warms the (__).

Earth surface

Most of the energy absorbed by the Earth is reradiated as (__)radiation.

Infrared

Extra (__)molecules in the atmosphere trap reradiated heat, warming the Earth.

Carbon dioxide

The process of trapping heat in the atmosphere is known as the (__)effect.

Greenhouse

Burning fossil fuels puts extra CO2 into the air, which enhances (__).

Global warming

Greenhouse gases are important because they keep the atmosphere warm enough for (__)to sustain.

Life

Environmental consequences of global warming include affecting global weather and the (__)of crops.

Yield

Global warming is a major cause of polar (__)melting.

Icecaps

As a result of melting ice, (__)areas are at risk of flooding.

Low-lying

(__)(CFCs) are listed as one of the important greenhouse gases.

Chlorofluorocarbons

A major reason for the great increase in CO2 is the rapid rise in the number of (__).

Motor vehicles

Large quantities of petrol or (__)oil are burnt in vehicles to produce CO2.

Diesel

Rapid population growth leads to (__), as more land is needed for housing.

Deforestation

Decay of remains or manure gives off (__), another important greenhouse gas.

Methane

The increase in the number of (__)is a primary source of methane.

Rice paddies

Besides rice paddies, the increase in (__)contributes significantly to methane levels.

Cattle

Decomposing remains or (__)decay to release methane into the atmosphere.

Manure

Using (__)energy sources like wind or nuclear can help reduce fossil fuel consumption.

Alternative

Solar energy can be used as a clean way to generate (__).

Electricity

Methane from (__)can be used as a fuel to prevent its release into the air.

Biomass

The (__)combustion of petrol produces carbon dioxide and water.

Complete

(__)combustion of petrol is the process that produces toxic carbon monoxide.

Incomplete

Carbon monoxide is toxic because it combines with (__)in our body.

Haemoglobin

When CO binds to the blood, it causes the blood to fail to carry (__)throughout the body.

Oxygen

Suspended particles in car exhausts are mainly composed of (__)particles.

Carbon

Incomplete combustion of petrol often results in the emission of (__)smoke.

Dark

Suspended particles and sulphur dioxide can irritate our (__)system.

Respiratory

Fossil fuels often contain (__)as impurities, which forms SO2 upon combustion.

Sulphur

When pollutants like SO2 and NOx dissolve in (__)water, they cause acid rain.

Rain

Nitrogen oxide is formed due to the high (__)inside a car engine.

Temperature

In the car engine, O2 reacts with (__)from the air to produce nitrogen oxides.

N2

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are responsible for the formation of (__)smog.

Photochemical

Petrol that escapes the car exhaust without burning is called unburnt (__).

Hydrocarbon

Unburnt hydrocarbons are dangerous to human health because they are (__).

Carcinogenic

Pollution can be significantly reduced by using (__)petrol.

Unleaded

A catalytic converter is a device installed in the car (__)system to reduce pollution.

Exhaust

Using (__)petroleum gases (LPG) is an alternative way to reduce vehicle emissions.

Liquefied

Acid rain is harmful to water lives because it makes lakes and waters too (__).

Acidic

Soil that becomes too acidic due to acid rain can lead to damage to (__).

Plants

Other major sources of air pollutants besides vehicles include incinerators and (__).

Factories

Power stations use (__)to reduce the emission of sulphur dioxide.

Scrubbers

The process by which scrubbers remove SO2 from power station emissions is called (__).

Neutralisation

An (__)precipitator is used by power stations to reduce particulate emissions.

Electrostatic

A catalyst is a substance that can change the (__)of a chemical reaction.

Rate

A catalyst is useful because it remains (__)unchanged at the end of the reaction.

Chemically

(__)(Rh) is one of the common materials used as a catalyst in converters.

Rhodium

Inside a catalytic converter, the catalyst is typically supported on a (__)block.

Ceramic

The catalyst is shaped like a network of fine tubes to increase its (__)area.

Surface

The internal structure of a catalytic converter is described as a (__)structure.

Honeycomb

Lead compounds must be avoided because they (__)the catalyst in the converter.

Poison