Chemistry Final Review (5-9;12)

Correct formula for Cu atom that has lost two e-

Cu2+

Potassium

has the same electron configuration as a noble gas when the atom forms an ion

In forming NaCl, energy is required to_

remove an electron from a sodium atom

Not a characteristic of salt

an ability to conduct electricity current in the solid state

The group that is most likely to form two or more ions with different charges

Transition metals

The compound that does not contain a polytomic ion

sodium sulfide

Formula for ammonium phosphate

(NH4)3PO4

when writing the formula for a compound that contains a polyatomic ion,

use parentheses if the number of polyatomic

Compounds that are electrically neutral must have equal numbers of

positive and negative charges

NH4CH3COO

Ammonium acetate

Iron(III) sulfate

Fe2(SO4)3

How many VE are indicated: 1s22s22p63s23p5

seven

metals tend to lose on or more electrons to form

cations

a chemical bond results from the mutual attraction of the nuclei for

electrons

A polar covalent bond is likely to form between two atoms that

differ in electronegativity

The lewis structure of methane CH4, has

four single bonds

In a polar covalent bond, the electronegativity of the two atoms is

different but the electrons are still shared

Because ammonia, NH3, has an unshared pair of electrons, it’s molecular shape is

trigonal pyramidal

The energy released in the formation of a covalent bond is the

minimum potential energy

Multiple covalent bonds may be found in atoms that contain carbon, nitrogen, or

oxygen

VESPR theory states that the repulsion between electrons pairs surrounding an atom causes

these pairs to be as far apart as possible

The lewis structure for a negative polyatomic ion, adds one electron for each unit of

negative charge

To draw a lewis structure, you do not need to know

bond energies

the polarity of a bond is related to the

electronegativity difference between the two atoms

In lewis structures, the atomic symbol represents

the nucleus and inner shell electrons

what is the average atomic mass if 2 isotope are 60% at 120amu and 40% at 122 amu

less than 121

One mole of Nacl has 6.022×10²³

formula units

The molecular formula for benzene is C6H6. The empirical formula is

CH

If the empirical formula of a compound is known, then

the compounds percentage composition can be calculated

To calculate the average atomic mass of an element, which must you know?

the atomic mass and relative abundance of each isotope

Compound with the highest percentage of O2

H2O

The units for molar mass are

g/mol

A compound’s molar mass is calculated by

adding the atomic masses of all the atoms as g/mol

The empirical formula for a compound that is 1.2%H, 42.0% Cl, and 56.8% O is

HClO3

Which of the following shows the percentage composition of H2SO4

2.1% H, 32.7% S, 65.2% O

What is needed to determine the molecular formula if you know the empirical formula.

molar mass

To find the number of moles of a compound, which must you know?

atomic mass and symbol of each isotope

According to the law of conservation of mass, the total mass of the reacting substance is

always equal to the total mass of the products

In a chemical equation, the Symbol (aq) indicates that the substance is

dissolved in water

The ratio of chlorine to hydrogen chloride in the reaction H2(g) +Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g) is

1:2

A common interpretation is that the coefficients in a chemical equation_

indicate the number of molecules of each substance

A reaction where ions of two compounds exchange places in aqueous solution is called a

double displacement

To balance a chemical equation, you may adjust the

coefficients

The use of a double arrow in a chemical equation indicated that the reaction

is reversible

In a word equation, the plus sign, +, represents the word

and

The ions that do not participate in a reaction are called

spectator ions

The reaction type that has only one reactant is

decomposition

What symbol means ionized

(aq)

Elements in the activity series are arranged by

experimentally determined order of reactivity

Stoichiometry problems may require the use of a

mole ratio

In the chemical equation A+B → C+D, if you know the mass of A, you can determine

the mass of any of the other reactants and products

To solve a mass-mass stoichiometry problem, you must know the

coefficients of the balanced equation

in the r.x, N2+3H2→2NH3, how many moles of N2 are required to produce 18 mol NH3

9

When the r.x of A and B stops when B is completely used up, then B is referred to as the

limiting reactant

How much product is collected during a chemical reaction is called the

actual yield

The maximum amount of product that might be obtained in a chemical reaction, is the

theoretical yield

The mole reaction of a reactant and product in a chemical reaction allows one to determine

the mass of the product produced from a known mass of a reactant

In stoichiometry, chemists are mainly concerned with

mass relationships in chemical reactions

What is the mole ratio of CO2 to C6H12O6 in the reaction: 6H20→C6H1206+6O2

6:1

The reactant remaining after the limiting reactant is used up is referred to as the

excess reactant

The kinetic molecular theory states that ideal gas molecules

are in constant, rapid, random motion

Pressure can be measured in

pascals

A gas at 150 mL and 0.947 atm, and P increases to 0.987 atm (T is constant), what is V2

140 mL

A gas occupies 752 mL at 25.0 C. P is constant, what will be the volume of the gas at 50.0 C

815 mL

Which gas will effuse through a small opening fastes

the gas with the smallest molar mass

What is the pressure exerted by 0.500 mol sample of nitrogen in a 10.0L container at 25 C

120 kPa

What mass of Cl2 at 38 C and 1.63 atm is needed to react with 12.4 g of sodium forming NaCl

4.22 L

A gas is at 100.0C and 3.0 atm is heated to 300.0C. What is the new pressure

4.6 atm

Oxygen molecules have an average speed of 480 m/s. what is the speed of helium atoms?

1360 m/s

An unknown gas effuses twice as fast as CH4. What is the molar mass of the gas?

4 g/mol

If 3 L N2 reacts with 3L H2, how many liters of unreacted gas remain? N2+3H2→2NH3

2L

Avogadro’s law states that

equal amounts of gases at the same conditions occupy equal volumes