American history

unit 1

Colonization

the act or process where a nation or group takes control of a foreign territory and sends its own people to live there and govern the local population

Conquistador

A Spanish soldier and explorer

Columbian Exchange

the widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World following Christopher Columbus's voyages.

Northwest Passage

a waterway through North America that explorers sought as a route to Asia.

Line of Demarcation

a boundary established by the Pope in 1493 to divide Spanish and Portuguese territories in the New World.

Caravels

Ships that used triangular sails

Mercantilism

an economic system from the 16th to the 18th century where governments strictly regulated trade to increase national wealth and power

Imports

a product, service, or data brought into one country, system, or software from an outside source

Exports

a good or service produced within one country and shipped or sold to buyers in another country

Raw Materials

the basic, unprocessed or minimally processed substances used as inputs to manufacture finished goods

Cash Crop

an agricultural product grown primarily to sell for profit rather than for the farmer's personal use or family consumption

Indentured Servitude

A colonist who received free passage to north america in exchange for working without pay

Slavery

a system or condition in which one human being is owned

Middle Passage

A voyage that brought enslaved africans to north america

Triangular Trade

Trading networks between america europe and africa

African Diaspora

The population of displaced africans

Leif Erikson

Norse explorer from the 10th century

Christopher Columbus

An italian explorer that reached america

John Cabot

Italian navigator and explorer who made the first recorded European exploration of the North American mainland

Ferdinand Magellan

Portuguese captain of a Spanish fleet

Bartolomé de las Casas

a 16th-century Spanish Dominican priest, missionary, and historian who became a tireless defender of Indigenous rights in the Americas

Hernán Cortés

Spanish conquistador

Moctezuma II

Emperor of mexicos aztec empire

Francisco Pizzaro

A Spanish conquistador who sailed with balboa

Samuel de Champlain

a 16th- and 17th-century French explorer and cartographer known as the "Father of New France" for founding Quebec City and establishing the first permanent French settlements in North America