1.2 shapes, Ft, Names, Types

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living in specific environments requires _____ _____. In bacteria this is also known as?

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specific adaptations; virulence factors

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define virulence factors

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microbial components that contribute to the ability to cause disease in a host

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33 Terms

1
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living in specific environments requires _____ _____. In bacteria this is also known as?

specific adaptations; virulence factors

2
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define virulence factors

microbial components that contribute to the ability to cause disease in a host

3
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are bacteria euk or prok

prok

4
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what is the main difference between euk cells and bacteria?

bacteria lacking membrane bound organelles

5
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in order to identify and characterize bacteria it must first be ______ into _______ _______

isolated; pure cultures

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how do you isolate an individual strain of bacteria?

dilute it and then immobilize it

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a ______ is isolated from a _______

strain; colony

8
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Shapes:

round = ______

rod = _______

coccus; bacilli

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another term for pair of cocci

diplococci

<p>diplococci</p>
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another term for cluster of cocci

staphylococci

<p>staphylococci</p>
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another term for chain of cocci

streptococci

<p>streptococci</p>
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another term for curved rod

vibrio

<p>vibrio</p>
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what are the 2 differences between gram negative and gram positive

-gram positive have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall while gram negative do not

-gram negative bacteria have an outer membrane lipopolysaccharide layer

14
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what color does gram negative bacteria become on slides after stained? gram positive?

pink; purple

15
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what must be done prior to beginning the gram stain process?

heat fix the bacteria to the slide

16
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what is the first stain material used during gram staining?

crystal violet

<p>crystal violet</p>
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what is the second stain used in gram staining?

gram iodine

<p>gram iodine</p>
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after staining with gram stain, what is done to the bacteria/slides?

decolorize with acetone or ethanol

19
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what is the (third) counterstain used in gram staining?

safranin or basic fuchsin (pink dye)

<p>safranin or basic fuchsin (pink dye)</p>
20
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other than shape and gram staining, what other characteristics are used to describe bacteria?

aerobic/anaerobic, spore formation, motility

21
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what is the biochemistry test for bacteria?

pH test indicating how the bacteria utilize sugars (fermenting, etc)

<p>pH test indicating how the bacteria utilize sugars (fermenting, etc)</p>
22
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in aerobic growth, _____ is the final e- acceptor. in anaerobic growth _____ _____ or ______ is used.

oxygen; inorganic molecules; CO2

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what are two bacteria that form spores

clostridium and bacillus

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respiration is the energy-generative metabolism that involves the ______ _____ and _______ _____ by electron transport chain

Krebs cycle; oxidative phosphorylation

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fermentation is the conversion of the products of _______ to other forms with or without additional ATP.

glycolysis; without

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spores are ______ ______ forms that are stable for long or short periods of time

metabolically inert; long

(think endospore)

<p>metabolically inert; long</p><p>(think endospore)</p>
27
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the best way to compare bacteria is using the _______ ______ ______ gene sequence alignment

16S ribosomal RNA

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what is an additional strain typing confirmation test that can be done?

serological typing

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how is DNA/RNA sequencing obtained?

PCR

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what is the classification system of living things?

Domain, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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3 domains of life are?

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

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when naming bacteria what two classifications are used

Genus species or Genus species (ie. Escherichia coli)

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when the genus is alone, lowercased, not italicized what does this indicate?

multiple types of that genus

(ie salmonellae, chlamydiae, etc)