A&P Chapter 1 Test

anatomy

study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts

gross anatomy

see with naked eye

microscope anatomy

what we cant see with the naked eye

physiology

study of how the body and its parts work or function

integumentary system

skin, hair and nails.

project injury and produces vitamin D and regulates our body temperature

skeletal system

bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints

provides muscle attachment and protects organs while storing minerals

muscular system

movement of bones

helps you stand, walk, job and smile

Nervous system

brain, spinal cord, nerves and sensory receptors

endocrine system

hormones

growth, reproduction, and the use of nutrients

cardiovascular system

heart and blood vessels

vessels - transport blood to tissue

blood - transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and hormones

lymphatic system

lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymphoid organs

returning leaked fluids back to the bloodstream

respiratory system

nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

gases are exchanged with the blood through air sacs in the lungs. supplies body with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

digestive system

oral, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum, and accessory organs

urinary system

kidneys, ureters, urinary ladder, and urethra

maintaining boundaries (intregumary)

boundaries separate the inside from the outside

movement (musulary, skeletal)

movement of substances

responsiveness (nervous)

ability to sense changes and react

metabolism

chemical reactions within the body, produces energy

exertion (urinary)

eliminates waste, urine, feces or sweat

survival needs

nutrients - chemicals used for energy and cell building

oxygen - chemical reactions

water- 60-80 percent of the body

atmospheric pressure - must be appropriate for gas exchange

directional terms

location of our body structure

superior

toward the head (above)

inferior

away from the head (below)

anterior

front of the body

posterior

backside of the body

medial

toward midline of the body

lateral

away from the midline of the body

intermediate

between

proximal

close to the origin of the body

distal

farther from the origin of the body

superficial

toward the body surface

deep

away from the body surface

cranial

head

cervial

neck

theracic

chest

sternal

breastbone

axillary

underarm

abdomin

abdominal

umbilical

belly button

acromical

shoulder

brachial

upperarm

antebrachial

lower arm

carpal

wrist

manus

hand

digital

fingers

coxal

hip

pateller

kneecap

popilteal

back of knee

plantor

heel

femoral

thigh

sural

calf

scapular

shoulder blade

vertebral

spinal column

sacral

tailbone

sagittal section

left and right parts

median

equal left and right parts

frontal

anterior and posterior parts

transverse

superior and inferior parts

internal cavities

dorsal

ventral

dorsal cavity

cranial cavity

spinal cavity

ventral cavity

thoracic cavity

abdominopelvic cavity

homeostasis (unchanging)

maintains stable internal conditions

receptor

sends info to the control center along the afferent

control center

determines appropriate response

effector

provides a means for response to the stimulus