ATP & Respiration

Word equation of aerobic respiration

Oxygen + Glucose —> Water + Carbon dioxide

Word equation for anaerobic respiration?

Glucose —> Lactic acid

What is adenosine triphosphate made of?

Adenine, ribose (adenosine) & 3 phosphate

How is energy transferred?

Energy is converted from one form to another, food contains chemical energy where respiration breaks down glucose C-H C-C C-O bonds, and energy is transferred from respiration to ATP and heat

Why is ATP described as a universal energy currency?

Used for all living organisms and used to provide energy for all cell reactions

How is ATP synthesised and broken down

Synthesise ( ADP + Pi → ATP) Breakdown ( ATP → ADP + Pi)

Advantages of using ATP as an energy carrier (not store)

Only 1 enzyme needed in the breakdown of ATP, releases small amounts of energy so less energy wasted.

How much energy does ATP breakdown release?

30.6 KJ mol-1

What enzyme catalyses ATP? What’s the process?

ATPase catalyses ATP 3rd Phosphate (dephosphorylation)

TASK - draw and label both mitochondria and chloroplast as well as respiratory enzyme ( show direction)

Mitochondria - matrix, loop of DNA, Cristae, inner membrane, inter membrane space, outer membrane, 70s ribosomes, direction of stalked particle into matrix

Chloroplast - outer membrane, inter membrane space, inner membrane, stroma, thylakoid (membrane, space), granum, direction of stalked particle out of thylakoid into stroma

What enzyme do stalked particles contain?

ATP synthetase

What are the stages of aerobic respiration in order

Glycolysis, Link reaction, Kreb cycle, electron transport chain

Draw a labelled diagram of Glycolysis

Where does glycolysis take place

In cytosol

How much ATP is used, produced and net yield?

2, 4, 2

What type of phosphorylation is used in glycolysis and the kreb cycle?

Substrate level phosphorylation?

How many dehydrogenation reactions are in glycolysis

makes 2 reduced NAD

What does glycolysis produce?

produces 2 pyruvate

What is the equation for glycolysis?

Glucose + 2NAD + 2ADP + 2pi → 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH2 + 2 ATP + heat energy

Draw and label a diagram of the link reaction

Where does the link reaction take place?

In the mitochondrial matrix

how much ATP is used, produced and net yield

0, 0, 0

How many dehydrogenation reactions take place in the link reaction?

produces 2 reduced NAD, 1 per pyruvate

How many decarboxylation reactions take place in link reaction?

2 carbons are removed, 1 per pyruvate which produces acetate

What does the link reaction produce?

2 acetyl CoA, 1 per pyruvate

What is the equation for the link reaction?

pyruvate + NAD + CoA → Acetyl coA + Co2 + NADH2

Draw and label a diagram of the Kreb cycle

Where does the Kreb cycle take place?

In mitochondrial matrix

How much ATP is used, produced and net yield

0, 2, 2 per glucose

How many dehydrogenation reactions are in the Kreb cycle

8 per glucose, 4 per acetate (3 NADH2, 1 FADH2)

How many decarboxylation reactions take place in Kreb cycle?

4 per glucose , 2 per acetate

What is the equation for the kreb cycle

acetyl CoA + 4C Compound + 3NAD + 1FAD + ADP + pi → ATP + 3 NADH2 + 1 FADH2 + 2CO2 + 4C compound + CoA

Draw and label the process of electron transport chain

What type of phosphorylation is involved in electron transport chain?

oxidative phosphorylation

How much ATP does one NADH2 make?

makes 3 ATP