Tab D (2-3)

Define “first aid.”

The immediate care given to an injured or ill person to keep him or her alive or stop further damage until qualified medical treatment can be administered

What does CPR stand for?

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

What is the meaning of “ABCD” when evaluating an injury?

A is opening the airway; B is assessing breathing; C is assessing circulation; D is assessing the disability

What is the heimlich maneuver?

A technique for clearing the clogged airway of a choking victim. The technique uses an upward push to the abdomen to clear the airway and expel the obstruction.

How can you save yourself if you are alone and are choking on an object lodged in your airway?

Lean forward over a railing, sink, or chair and thrust yourself downward until you dislodge the obstruction

What is the disease that causes excessive levels of blood sugar to build up in the body that, if untreated, can lead to blindness, limb loss, heart damage, and kidney failure?

Diabetes Mellitus

Name three commonly consumed stimulants.

Coffee, tea, and soda that contain caffeine

What is another name for rescue breathing?

Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation

What is a hemorrhage?

Heavy for uncontrollable bleeding from a blood vessel

What is an artery?

Any blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body

What type of bleeding comes from the smallest blood vessels?

Capillary

What is an example of capillary bleeding?

A nosebleed

What type of bleeding is characterized by a steady flow of dark blood?

Venous

What type of bleeding is characterized by bright blood that spurts with each heartbeat?

Arterial

What is the best way in most cases to prevent the loss of blood?

Apply direct pressure to the wound

In cases of severe bleeding that does not slow or stop when direct pressure is applied, how do you stop the bleeding?

By using finger pressure on the pressure point in the injured limb between the wound and the heart, and by elevation of the affected extremity

If a tourniquet must be used to control bleeding, where on the body is it applied?

2 to 4 inches above the wound but not over a joint

How do you notify rescue personnel that a victim has a tourniquet?

Mark the victim’s forehead with a “T”

What are the characteristics of venous bleeding?

A study flow of dark blood

How do you treat a chest wound?

Wrap the wound tightly and plastic wrap or foil and have the victim sit up or lay on the injured side

Describe the appearance of a victim who is in shock.

The victim’s skin is pale or blue and cold to the touch

Explain the difference between an open and closed fracture?

An open fracture occurs when the sharp edges of a bone protrude through the skin, While a closed fractured does not penetrate the skin

What is another name for an open fracture?

A compound fracture

Alcohol and tobacco are what type of drugs?

Addictive drugs

What is a controlled substance?

A substance whose manufacture, possession, or sale is controlled by law and has the potential to cause addiction

What is the first organ damaged by long term alcohol abuse?

The liver

What is the most widely consumed and abused drug in the U.S.?

Alcohol

Cocaine, an illegal drug, acts as what on the nervous system, causing the activity in the body to speed up?

Stimulant

Name the five stages of drug abuse.

Experimental use, occasional use, regular use, multiple drug use, and total dependency

What activities will help you burn off energy and relax, and can help you resist drug use?

Physical activity

What drug is a factor in over 50% of murders and child abuse cases, and in over 25% of rapes and suicides in this country?

Alcohol

What do you do with an unconscious alcohol victim?

Place the victim on his or her side so the victim will not choke or drown in hit or her own vomit

What is the degree of burn caused by wind, brief exposure to steam, and light sunburn?

First degree burn

Flammable liquids that suddenly burst into flames generally cause what degree of burns?

Second degree burn

What is the most painful type of burn?

Second degree burns, because nerve endings are intact even though damage is severe

What degree of burn is caused by electric shock?

Third degree burn

Why does a victim with burns to the face need careful monitoring?

Risk for swelling and blockage of the airway

When did you not remove clothing from a third degree burn?

When the cloth sticks to the burn or when in a chemically contaminated area

What is the first thing you should do in testing all first- ABs second degree burns?

Treat with cool running water

Name three items that can be used to separate an electric shock victim from an electric current?

A broom, stick, or chair

For dry chemical burns, why do you only treat the burn with small amounts of water if you have large amounts of water available?

Small amounts of water can react with dry chemicals can cause more burning

Name three types of burns.

Heat, chemical, and electrical

What is another name for the sweat evaporation that carries heat away from the body?

Perspiration

What is the condition that results when fluids are lost from the body and not replaced?

Dehydration

What is the heat injury when muscular pains and spasms are caused by loss of salt from the body due to heavy perspiration?

Heat cramps

Which is the most severe of heat injuries?

Heat stroke

While looking at the face of a victim with a heat injury, how can you tell if the victim is suffering from heat exhaustion or heat stroke?

A heat exhaustion victim will be sweating and pale, whereas a heat stroke patient victim will br red and flushed but dry

What is the name for the cold injury where ice crystals form in body tissue exposed to temperatures below freezing?

Frostbite

What may unattended frostbite cause, leading to the need for surgical removal of the affected part?

Gangrene

Prolonged exposure of the feet to wet conditions at temperatures between 32 and 50 degrees Fahrenheit causes what injury?

Immersion foot, also known as trench foot

What is hypothermia?

Abnormally low internal body temperature and a loss of body heat that exceeds the rate of heat production

How do you treat cold weather dehydration?

Move the victim out of the cold and wind and keep him or her warm. Loosen the victim’s clothing, then give the victim fluids, rest, and prompt medical treatment

What are the indicators of a hemotoxic snake-bite injury?

Severe burning pain, discoloration, abs swelling around the fang marks

Although not all snakes are poisonous, all snakes may carry what infection?

Tetanus (Lockjaw)

For snake bites on arms, legs, hands, and feet, where are constricting bands placed?

Two to four inches from the bite

Name the viral disease that affects the central nervous system of mammals, is transmitted by bites, and can result in paralysis or death if left untreated.

Rabies

Name two lotions or pastes used to relive pain and itching of insect bites.

Calamine lotion and a paste made of water and baking soda

How should you treat skin that has come into contact with a poisonous plant?

Remove contaminated clothing and wash the exposed skin with soap and water. Apply rubbing alcohol and calamine lotion, and do not cover the rash with a dressing. Seek medical care if the rash is on the face or mouth or interferes with breathing

What is a stimulant?

Any drug, drink, or substance that speeds up the activity of the mind or body

What kind of drug is alcohol?

Depressant

What percentage of teenage automobile accidents involve alcohol?

90%

What percentage of suicide attempts involve alcohol?

70%

What is the term used to describe locations on the body where arteries are close to the surface and a pulse may be felt?

Pressure points

What causes trench foot?

Prolonged exposure of the feet to wet conditions

What kind of bite is characterized by severe burning pain, discoloration, and swelling around the fang marks?

Snakebite

What is it called when body tissue dies from a lack of blood supply, as happens with deep frostbite?

Gangrene

Name three ways to disinfect water.

Boil it for 5 to 10 minutes, use iodine tablets, or use chlorine ampoules

On what side should a victim’s body be positioned to delay absorption of a oral poison into the circulatory system?

On the left side

What does the human body do to keep from overheating?

It sweats

You are a female squad leader. You thought you just complimented another squad leader on his uniform and appearance by saying “If I want dating my boyfriend, I think I would ask you out.” He replied, “Since we just went through sexual harassment yesterday ,something from yesterday’s training. What part

At a party, you notice an old girlfriend passed out on a chair and insist on taking her to her house. Your current girlfriend says that she will break up with you if you do, by you do it anyway. Next week in school, your old girlfriend is also mad at you because her parents found out she had been drinking and grounded her for a month. What was the primary reason for your action?

To help someone avoid a situation where they were vulnerable to sexual assault