State of matter

Solid

A state of matter characterized by closely packed particles that vibrate in fixed positions.

Liquid

A state of matter with closely packed particles that can move past each other in a random arrangement.

Gas

A state of matter where particles are well separated in a random arrangement and move freely at high speeds.

Melting

The process of changing from a solid to a liquid.

Freezing

The process of changing from a liquid to a solid.

Evaporation

The process of changing from a liquid to a gas.

Condensation

The process of changing from a gas to a liquid.

Kinetic Energy

The energy that particles possess due to their motion.

Affect of temperature on gas volume

As temperature increases, the volume of a gas will increase due to increased kinetic energy of the particles.

Affect of pressure on gas volume

As pressure increases, the volume of a gas will decrease; as pressure decreases, the volume will increase.

Sublimation

The process where solid particles gain enough energy to overcome forces and become a gas.

Atmospheric pressure

The force exerted by the weight of air in the atmosphere, affecting the behavior of gas volumes.

Particle vibration in solids

In solids, particles vibrate but remain in fixed positions.

Particle movement in liquids

In liquids, particles vibrate and move around each other while maintaining a random arrangement.

Particle separation in gases

In gases, particles are well separated and move randomly, leading to high kinetic energy.

Intermolecular forces in solids

Strong forces of attraction between particles keep them in fixed positions in a solid.

Intermolecular forces in liquids

Weaker attractive forces than in solids allow liquid particles to move relative to each other.

Intermolecular forces in gases

No intermolecular forces allow gas particles to move randomly.

Diffusion

The movement of particles from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration

Which states of matter does diffusion occur in

Liquid and gas

How does a smaller relative molecular mass affect the diffusion rate of a gas?

The smaller the relative molecular mass of the gas particles the “lighter” the particles and higher the average speed ,so the particles will move faster and the rate of diffusion increase

Matter

Anything that occupies space and has volume