SE Asian History

Colony

A territory inhabited and controlled by people from a foreign land

1st European country to come to SE Asia

Portugal

What did Portugal bring?

Weapons (guns, canons)

Countries that were never colonies:

Japan and Thailand

Japan opened its borders when?

1853

1895

Japan attacked China and conquered Taiwan. At this time, Spain had conquered and controlled Philippines.

When did US conquer Spain in Philippines and took over Philippines?

1898

1904-1905

Russo-Japanese War
(This led to the first time in history an Asian country defeated a Western country)

When did Japan conquer Korea?

1910

Military aggression

a military conflict carried out without the justification of self-defense; usually for the purpose of gaining more land & resources/power
(also known as war of conquest)

Nationalism

strong loyalty to one’s country, that includes a feeling of superiority over other countries
(an extreme form of patriotism)

When was WWI?

1914-1918

1931

Japan conquered Manchuria, the northern part of China

When was WWII?

1939-1945

When did Japan attack Pearl Harbor, Hawaii?

December 7, 1941

When did Japan conquer the Philippines?

December 8, 1941

What countries did Japan conquer in 1942?

Indonesia, Malaysia, Burma (Myanmar), and Singapore

Japan’s nickname?

Greater East-Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere

When did US drop an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan?

August 6, 1945

When did US drop an atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan?

August 9, 1945

When did Japan surrender?

September 2, 1945
(the emperor also revealed that he was not a god)

Authoritarian government

where one person, perhaps a dictator, holds all political power (most countries have this)

Dictatorship

where absolute power is held by one person
- people are not free to state their opinions
- a dictator gets their status through military force

Totalitarianism

where a central authority all aspects of society (politics, economy, and people’s lives)
- leaders do not describe themselves with this word

Monarchy

a system of authoritarian government headed by a monarch- a king, queen, pharaoh, emperor, shah, or sultan- whose position is usually inherited

Democracy

a non-authoritarian government in which the people are invested with the power to choose their own leaders and elect representatives and determine government policy based on the will of the majority
- all eligible adult citizens have the right to vote

3 Basic Economic Questions:

1. What (and how many) goods and services will be produced?

2. How will these products be produced?

3. How will the products and the wealth gained from their sale be distributed?

Capitalism

• decisions made in a free market

• called a market economy

• government takes no part in economy (people had full control)

• regulations

Communism

• government makes all economic decisions

• only a small part of private enterprises are allowed

• called “planned economics”

• both political and economic (hard to differentiate)

Socialism

• state runs basic industries (eg. transportation, coal mining, etc.) and provides many social services [(eg. health care, education, etc.) taxes are high because of this]

• private enterprise operates other parts of the economy

• described as “mixed economies”

• known as “welfare states”

• believes that wealth should be distributed more equally

From when to when was The Cold War?

1950-1990

Two major powers in The Cold War (the aftermath of WWII):

USA and USSR

USSR stands for?

Union of Soviet Socialists Republic

What does the “cold” in The Cold War mean?

Giving someone the cold shoulder (in other words, USA and USSR did not communicate at all during this period of time. this lack of communication also led to some people believing things and making assumptions that were not true).

USA’s goal in The Cold War and its economy type:

To stop the movement/control of communism in SE Asia, Capitalism

USSR’s goal in The Cold War and its economy type:

To spread communism throughout SE Asia, Communism

What were proxy wars during The Cold War?

Wars that happened between the capitalism and communism forces in countries other than USA and USSR.