Apush period 1/2 vocab

Slave Codes

The laws that controlled the lives of enslaved people

City Upon a Hill

Basically a phrase to hint at Americas standing in the world as a “beacon of hope” which other nations can look to for moral guidance

Encomiendas

a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand currency for forced labor in Indian native lands

Evangelicalism

teaching the gospel or the Christian religion

Headright system

A settlement plan developed during the colonial period in North America

Indentured servitude

a form where an individual is under contract to work without salary to repay a debt or loan

Joint stock servitude

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joint stock company

a business owned by its company based with each investor owning their share of the company based on how much they have already invested

Mercantilism

belief in the benefits of profitable trading

Middle passage

the sea journey undertaken by the slave ships from West AFrica to the West Indies

Praying towns

Christian Indian communities set up by the Massachusetts Bay COlony between 1651 and 6174

Proprietary colony

a gift made by the king to a trading company or an individual who then privately owned it

Puritans

a member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship.

Royal colony

a colony ruled or administered by officials appointed by and responsible to the reigning sovereign of the parent state.

Salutary neglect

the unofficial British policy where parliamentary rules and laws were loosely or not enforced on the American colonies and trade.

Slavery

a condition compared to that of a slave in respect of exhausting labor or restricted freedom

tariffs

a tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports.

Smallpox

an acute contagious viral disease, with fever and pustules usually leaving permanent scars. It was effectively eradicated through vaccination by 1979

Christianity

the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices

Triangular trade

a multilateral system of trading in which a country pays for its imports from one country by its exports to another.

Bacon’s Rebellion

the first popular uprising in the American colonies. It was long viewed as an early revolt against English tyranny, which culminated in the war for independence one hundred years late. (Lower class standing up to Berkeley)

Glorious Revolution

the series of events in 1688-89 which culminated in the exile of King James II and the accession to the throne of William and Mary.

Great Awakening

 a religious movement that swept across parts of the British colonies in North America in the mid-1700s. 

Huron Confederacy

an Iroquoian-speaking member of a confederacy of Indigenous peoples formerly occupying the country between Georgian Bay and Lake Ontario

King Phillip’s War

a final attempt to drive out the colonists and is considered the deadliest war American has ever seen

Pequot War

 a war in 1637 between Connecticut colonists, aided by British soldiers and friendly Indian tribes, and the Pequot Indians under their chief, Sassacus, that resulted in the defeat and dispersion of the Pequot tribe.

Pueblo Revolt

a revolution against Spanish religious, economic, and political institutions imposed upon the Pueblos.

Salem Witch Trials

A series of trials, prosecutions and executions of innocent people accused of practicing witchcraft that took place in Colonial Massachusetts.

spanish mission system

religious conversion and instruction in the Catholic faith

“Starving time”

the state of having no food for a long period, often causing death (cannibalism)

Stono Rebellion

The largest and most significant slave rebellion in the British North American colonies,

Columbian Exchange

the term given to the transfer of plants, animals, disease, and technology between the Old World from which Columbus came and the New World which he found.

Anne Hutchinson

challenged male authority—and, indirectly, acceptable gender roles—by preaching to both women and men and by questioning Puritan teachings about salvation.

Bartolome de las Casas

 the first to expose the oppression of indigenous peoples by Europeans in the Americas and to call for the abolition of slavery there

Benjamin Franklin

Founding Father. Invented bifocals, the Franklin stove, the lightning rod, and the swivel chair. An early campaigner for American unity, he served as the first U.S. Ambassador to France

Calvinists

 God has foreordained some people to be saved and some to be damned

Congregationalists

was set up by the Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. It was a church system in which each local church served as the center of its own community.

George Whitefield

a popular preacher at the time and he was famous for his incredible oratory. He was known to attract thousands of people just to hear him speak

Huguenots

 a groups of French Protestants that lived from about 1560 to 1629

John Rolfe

one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas)

John Smith

A captain famous for world travel. He took control in Jamestown. He organized the colony and saved many people from death the next winter and coined the phrase "he who shall not work, shall not eat". He also initiated attacks on Natives.

Jonathan Edwards

 American theologian and Congregational clergyman, whose sermons stirred the religious revival, called the Great Awakening. He is known for his " Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God " sermon.

Juan de Onate

 a Spanish conquistador most known for amputating the feet and hands of Acoma Indians during the Acoma Massacre

Pilgrims

a form of Putitan (separatists) who wanted to completely break away from the church of England

Pocahontas

A native Indian of America, daughter of Chief Powahatan, who was one of the first to marry an Englishman, John Rolfe, and return to England with him

Powhatan Confederacy

A group of seven Indian tribes that controlled Virginia. It was led by Powhatan and was an agricultural group. They allowed the original English Settlers to survive.

Roger Williams

 Separatist leader and the founder of the colony of Providence Plantations, which became Rhode Island. He is best remembered for his advocacy of religious freedom and separation of church and state.

Separatists

 English Protestants who would not accept allegiance in any form to the Church of England. Significance: The Separatists founded the Plymouth Colony and the first form of government with the Mayflower Compact.

Sir Walter Raleigh

an English gentleman and explorer, sought to rival the Spanish by creating a permanent settlement of his own

Virginia Company

a pair of English joint stock companies chartered by James I on 10 April 1606 with the purposes of establishing settlements on the coast of North America

wampanoags

tribe in King Philip's War

Iroquois Confederacy

Five Nations," were a confederation of five (later six) distinct tribes who maintained a permanent peace and military alliance with each other.

Incas \n Aztecs \n Mayans

The Maya were native people of Mexico and Central America, while the Aztec covered most of northern Mesoamerica between