psychology
studying learning in humans and applying insights gained from nonhuman animal studies to understanding human behavior
ethology
study of animal behavior in the animal’s natural environment
instinct
reflexes and behavioral patterns inherently present at birth
habituation
lack of response to a repeated stimulus
conditioning
association between a previously neutral stimulus or behavioral response to a previously significant stimulus
classical conditioning
a formed association between an unconditioned stimulus and a neutral stimulus
operant conditioning
learning to respond to a stimulus as a result of reinforcement when the proper response is made
reasoning
ability to respond correctly to a stimulus the first time a new situation is presented
intelligence
ability to learn to adjust successfully to certain conditions; involve long and short-term memory
imprinting
young bond to their caretaker, usually dam
trial and error
trying different responses to stimulus until the correct response is achieved, gets reward
9 systems of animal behavior
Sexual, Caregiving, Care soliciting, Agonistic, Ingestive, Eliminative, Shelter Seeking, Investigative, Alelomimetic
observation of breeding cows
when in heat they allow themselves to be mounted
why are vasectomized rams used during mating season
because ewes present silent heat
pheromones
chemical substances that attract the opposite sex
how long are cows in heat for
12 hours or AM-PM rule
what is the AM-Pm rule
if the cow is in heat in the morning breed that night and vice versa for if in heat at night
what do sows do when in heat
seek out boar for mating, genetalia swells
cyrptorchidism
retention of one or both testicles into the abdomen
agonistic behavior with other animals
males fight when they meet unfamiliar males
4 stages to establish social dominance
offense, defense, escape, passivity
4 components of a cows stomach
rumen, riticulum, omasum, and abomasum
which parts of the cows stomach are used for fermentation
rumen and riticulum
what is another name for boluses
cud
what is the term for releasing gas for ruminants
eructation
what gases are eructed from ruminants
carbon dioxide and methane
what do cattle and sheep do when it is hot
seek out shady areas where they can rest and ruminant
what do pigs do when it is hot
search out wet areas
what do pigs do when it is cold
crowd against one another when lying down