AP Comp Sci A First Quiz lol

Console

Text window for displaying output in Java.

Class

A blueprint for creating objects in Java.

Main Method

Entry point for Java program execution.

String Literal

Fixed sequence of characters in quotes.

System.out.print

Prints text without a newline in Java.

System.out.println

Prints text followed by a newline in Java.

Escape Characters

Special codes for formatting output in Java.

New Line Escape

Code to create a new line: \n.

Tab Escape

Code for inserting a tab: \t.

Double Quote Escape

Code for printing quotes: ".

Backslash Escape

Code for printing backslash: \.

Curly Braces

Used to define code blocks in Java.

Good Style

Readable and organized code structure.

Bad Style

Poorly formatted and hard to read code.

Comment

Non-executable text for code documentation.

Single-line Comment

Comment initiated with // in Java.

Multi-line Comment

Comment enclosed between /* and */.

Eagleson's Law

Code not revisited in six months is forgotten.

Variable

Named storage location for data in Java.

Variable Declaration

Specifying type and name of a variable.

Variable Initialization

Assigning an initial value to a variable.

Assignment Operator

Equal sign used to assign values to variables.

CamelCase

Naming convention with capitalized words.

Debugging

Identifying and fixing errors in code.

Commenting Out Code

Disabling code by turning it into a comment.

Scanner

Java class for reading user input.

Integer Type

Data type for whole numbers in Java.

Double Type

Data type for decimal numbers in Java.

Character Type

Data type for single characters in Java.

testScore

Variable representing a student's test score value.

scoreOne

Integer variable initialized with value 2.

scoreTwo

Integer variable initialized with value 5.

RAM

Random Access Memory, computer's short-term memory.

Bit

Smallest data unit, either 0 or 1.

Byte

Collection of 8 bits.

Primitive Types

Basic data types in Java, excluding objects.

byte

Stores very small integers, 8 bits.

short

Stores small integers, 16 bits.

int

Stores normal integers, 32 bits.

long

Stores large integers, 64 bits.

float

Stores less precise decimal values, 32 bits.

double

Stores more precise decimal values, 64 bits.

boolean

Stores true or false value, 1 bit.

char

Stores a single character, 16 bits.

ASCII

Character encoding standard with 256 characters.

Casting

Converting one data type to another.

Explicit Casting

Directly specifying conversion to another type.

Implicit Casting

Automatic conversion from smaller to larger type.

Arithmetic Operators

Operators for mathematical operations: +, -, *, /.

Compound Operators

Shorthand for modifying variable values.

Increment Operator

Increases variable value by one.

Decrement Operator

Decreases variable value by one.

ArithmeticException

Error thrown when dividing by zero.

Integer Division

Division where decimal part is truncated.

Modulus Operator

Returns remainder of division.

Constant

Unchangeable value throughout the program.

final Keyword

Designates a variable as a constant.

Magic Number

Hardcoded value without clear purpose.

Magic Numbers

Hard-coded values that reduce code clarity.

Self-Documenting Code

Code where names describe their purpose.

Constants

Fixed values that cannot be changed.

Variables

Named storage for values that can change.

Literals

Fixed values directly written in code.

Boolean

A value that is either true or false.

Logical Operators

Operators to combine boolean expressions.

AND Operator

True if both expressions are true.

OR Operator

True if at least one expression is true.

NOT Operator

Reverses the value of a boolean expression.

Comparison Operators

Operators to compare numerical values.

Equality Operator

Checks if two values are equal (==).

If Statement

Branches code based on a boolean expression.

Else Statement

Executes code when the if condition is false.

Else If Statement

Adds additional conditions to an if statement.

Switch Statement

Organizes multiple cases based on a variable.

String

A sequence of characters, not a primitive type.

MACRO_CASE

Convention for naming constants in all caps.

camelCase

Naming convention for variables with mixed case.

PascalCase

Naming convention for classes with initial capitals.

Chaining Comparisons

Combining comparisons using logical operators.

Boolean Expression

An expression that evaluates to true or false.

Critical Hit Chance

Probability of scoring a critical hit.

Fixed Values

Constants representing unchangeable data.

Bugs

Errors caused by incorrect code logic.

Code Clarity

The ease of understanding code structure.

Data Types

Categories of data that determine value behavior.

String Immutability

Strings cannot be changed after creation.

String Comparison

Use .equals() or .equalsIgnoreCase() methods.

charAt()

Returns character at specified index in String.

substring()

Extracts part of a String between indices.

length()

Returns the number of characters in String.

toUpperCase()

Returns uppercase version of the String.

toLowerCase()

Returns lowercase version of the String.

contains()

Checks if String includes specified text.

indexOf()

Finds first occurrence index of specified text.

replace()

Replaces occurrences of a specified String.

Concatenation

Combining two Strings using + operator.

Scanner Class

Used for input from console in Java.

Creating Scanner

Instantiate Scanner with new Scanner(System.in).

next()

Reads next word input as String.

nextInt()

Reads next integer input as int.