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Console
Text window for displaying output in Java.
Class
A blueprint for creating objects in Java.
Main Method
Entry point for Java program execution.
String Literal
Fixed sequence of characters in quotes.
System.out.print
Prints text without a newline in Java.
System.out.println
Prints text followed by a newline in Java.
Escape Characters
Special codes for formatting output in Java.
New Line Escape
Code to create a new line: \n.
Tab Escape
Code for inserting a tab: \t.
Double Quote Escape
Code for printing quotes: ".
Backslash Escape
Code for printing backslash: \.
Curly Braces
Used to define code blocks in Java.
Good Style
Readable and organized code structure.
Bad Style
Poorly formatted and hard to read code.
Comment
Non-executable text for code documentation.
Single-line Comment
Comment initiated with // in Java.
Multi-line Comment
Comment enclosed between /* and */.
Eagleson's Law
Code not revisited in six months is forgotten.
Variable
Named storage location for data in Java.
Variable Declaration
Specifying type and name of a variable.
Variable Initialization
Assigning an initial value to a variable.
Assignment Operator
Equal sign used to assign values to variables.
CamelCase
Naming convention with capitalized words.
Debugging
Identifying and fixing errors in code.
Commenting Out Code
Disabling code by turning it into a comment.
Scanner
Java class for reading user input.
Integer Type
Data type for whole numbers in Java.
Double Type
Data type for decimal numbers in Java.
Character Type
Data type for single characters in Java.
testScore
Variable representing a student's test score value.
scoreOne
Integer variable initialized with value 2.
scoreTwo
Integer variable initialized with value 5.
RAM
Random Access Memory, computer's short-term memory.
Bit
Smallest data unit, either 0 or 1.
Byte
Collection of 8 bits.
Primitive Types
Basic data types in Java, excluding objects.
byte
Stores very small integers, 8 bits.
short
Stores small integers, 16 bits.
int
Stores normal integers, 32 bits.
long
Stores large integers, 64 bits.
float
Stores less precise decimal values, 32 bits.
double
Stores more precise decimal values, 64 bits.
boolean
Stores true or false value, 1 bit.
char
Stores a single character, 16 bits.
ASCII
Character encoding standard with 256 characters.
Casting
Converting one data type to another.
Explicit Casting
Directly specifying conversion to another type.
Implicit Casting
Automatic conversion from smaller to larger type.
Arithmetic Operators
Operators for mathematical operations: +, -, *, /.
Compound Operators
Shorthand for modifying variable values.
Increment Operator
Increases variable value by one.
Decrement Operator
Decreases variable value by one.
ArithmeticException
Error thrown when dividing by zero.
Integer Division
Division where decimal part is truncated.
Modulus Operator
Returns remainder of division.
Constant
Unchangeable value throughout the program.
final Keyword
Designates a variable as a constant.
Magic Number
Hardcoded value without clear purpose.
Magic Numbers
Hard-coded values that reduce code clarity.
Self-Documenting Code
Code where names describe their purpose.
Constants
Fixed values that cannot be changed.
Variables
Named storage for values that can change.
Literals
Fixed values directly written in code.
Boolean
A value that is either true or false.
Logical Operators
Operators to combine boolean expressions.
AND Operator
True if both expressions are true.
OR Operator
True if at least one expression is true.
NOT Operator
Reverses the value of a boolean expression.
Comparison Operators
Operators to compare numerical values.
Equality Operator
Checks if two values are equal (==).
If Statement
Branches code based on a boolean expression.
Else Statement
Executes code when the if condition is false.
Else If Statement
Adds additional conditions to an if statement.
Switch Statement
Organizes multiple cases based on a variable.
String
A sequence of characters, not a primitive type.
MACRO_CASE
Convention for naming constants in all caps.
camelCase
Naming convention for variables with mixed case.
PascalCase
Naming convention for classes with initial capitals.
Chaining Comparisons
Combining comparisons using logical operators.
Boolean Expression
An expression that evaluates to true or false.
Critical Hit Chance
Probability of scoring a critical hit.
Fixed Values
Constants representing unchangeable data.
Bugs
Errors caused by incorrect code logic.
Code Clarity
The ease of understanding code structure.
Data Types
Categories of data that determine value behavior.
String Immutability
Strings cannot be changed after creation.
String Comparison
Use .equals() or .equalsIgnoreCase() methods.
charAt()
Returns character at specified index in String.
substring()
Extracts part of a String between indices.
length()
Returns the number of characters in String.
toUpperCase()
Returns uppercase version of the String.
toLowerCase()
Returns lowercase version of the String.
contains()
Checks if String includes specified text.
indexOf()
Finds first occurrence index of specified text.
replace()
Replaces occurrences of a specified String.
Concatenation
Combining two Strings using + operator.
Scanner Class
Used for input from console in Java.
Creating Scanner
Instantiate Scanner with new Scanner(System.in).
next()
Reads next word input as String.
nextInt()
Reads next integer input as int.