2.5 Race and Identities in the Colonies

Urban Economy of Northern Colonies

Characterized by trade, self-government, and a growing sense of independence among colonists.

Salutary Neglect

A British policy that relaxed supervision of the colonies, leading to increased self-governance and challenges to British authority.

Colonial Hierarchy

Structured society in the South consisting of planters, enslavers, yeomen, indentured servants, and slaves.

African American Community

Emerged in the colonies, with enslaved Africans maintaining cultural practices and forming familial bonds despite high mortality rates.

Resistance and Accommodation

Enslaved individuals faced restrictions on education and property ownership, leading to resistance and occasional rebellions.

Stono Rebellion

The largest slave uprising in the mainland colonies, occurring in 1739 in South Carolina, resulting in increased repression of enslaved people.

Southern Gentry

Wealthy planters who dominated the social and political landscape, often mimicking English elite culture.

Gentility

A social ideal that emphasized refinement and self-control among the wealthy, creating a cultural divide between classes.

Northern Maritime Economy

New England's economy was closely tied to the West Indies, exporting goods like bread and lumber in exchange for sugar.

Triangular Trade

A system of trade involving molasses, rum, and slaves that contributed to the growth of American merchant fortunes and urban industries.

Urban Society

Wealthy merchants dominated social life in seaport cities, while artisans and laborers made up the middle and lower ranks of society.

Colonial Assemblies

Representative bodies that emerged in the colonies, challenging British authority and asserting control over taxation and appointments.

Salutary Neglect's Impact

Allowed colonial legislatures to strengthen their powers, laying the groundwork for the American independence movement.

Mercantilism

British economic policy that restricted American manufacturing and trade, leading to colonial resentment and smuggling.

War of Jenkins' Ear

A conflict initiated by British actions against Spain, highlighting the tensions between colonial interests and British imperial policy.