ITD130 Module2 Lecture Database Concepts and Fundamentals

Database

A collection of related data organized for quick access, using tables formatted in rows and columns.

Data Warehouse

A system that consolidates historical data captured from various sources.

Data Mining

The process of analyzing data from data warehouses to find statistical trends.

Relational Data

The most popular data model, focusing on transactional data and following the ACID model.

ACID Model

A set of principles that ensures database transactions are processed reliably: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability.

Atomicity

A principle stating that all parts of a transaction must be completed successfully; otherwise, the entire transaction fails.

Consistency

A principle that ensures only valid data is written into a database.

Isolation

A principle requiring that transactions occurring concurrently do not affect each other's execution.

Durability

A principle ensuring that completed transactions are permanently recorded in the database.

Data Consistency

The assurance that data is accurate and reliable throughout the database.

Data Redundancy

The unnecessary duplication of data in a database, which can lead to inconsistency.

Missing Data

Refers to data that is absent and cannot be utilized.

Database Management System (DBMS)

A software system that interacts with databases to store, modify, and extract data.

Metadata

Data that describes other data, including health, personal, and financial information.

Entity

A distinct object or thing in a database that can be identified and stored.

Attributes

Characteristics or properties of an entity in a database that describe it.

Relationship

The way entities are related to each other in a database, such as 1:1, 1:M, or M:M.

View

A virtual representation of physical data that combines parts of entities to create a virtual table.

Database Types

Different formats of databases, including Relational, Object Oriented, and Data Warehouses.