CS170 Final Exam Study Guide - Spring 2025

CS170 Final Exam Study Guide - Spring 2025 Final Exam Key Concepts

Asynchronous Communication

A form of communication that does not require both the sender and receiver to be active at the same time (e.g., email).

Standardized User Interfaces

Users can easily transfer knowledge between apps with minimal learning.

Minimum Bits to Represent 42 Items

6 bits (2^6 = 64, which is enough to represent 42 items).

RGB(50,200,200)

Represents the color Gray (equal green and blue values and red is low).

Nyquist Rule

Sampling must be at least twice the signal's highest frequency.

Lossless Compression

A type of file compression where no data is lost, allowing perfect reconstruction.

Web Crawler

To automatically browse and index websites for search engines.

Contrast in Graphics

Difference between the darkest and lightest pixels.

TCP/IP

Protocol that directs internet traffic

PageRank Algorithm

Measures the importance of a webpage based on number and quality of links.

Digital Prefixes Order

Kilo, Mega, Giga, Tera

Invalid IPv4 Address

992.200.100.50

Cookies

To store user preferences and session data.

AND Operator in Searches

Only returns results that contain all specified terms.

Adding One More Bit to Binary Sequence

It doubles the number of unique combinations.

Number() Function in JavaScript

It converts a value to a number.

JavaScript Assignment Statement

score = 9.28 * 10;

Range Condition: 50 to 500 (exclusive)

50 <= x && x < 500

JavaScript Array Index

Starts from Zero

var num = arr[arr[2]] when arr = [1,2,3,4,5]

Returns arr[3] which is 4

Math.floor(Math.random() * 6) + 1

Generates random integers from 1 to 6

JavaScript scope for variables declared with var inside a function

Local to the function

JavaScript function definition syntax

function name(params) { // code }

'typeof' in JavaScript

Returns the data type of a variable.

Start an HTML Document

in HTML Tables

Defines a group of header rows in a table.

Tag is used to define a list item

Referencing External CSS in HTML

Excel formula for sum of B1 to B4

=SUM(B1:B4)

Subtract E4 from D4 in Excel

=D4-E4

=SUM(D4*E4)

Wrong because SUM is meant for ranges, not operations.

MAXIFS function purpose

Returns max value from a range based on given conditions.

VLOOKUP function usage

Looks for a value in the first column of a table and returns a corresponding value from another column.

Conditional formatting: Highlight cells > 80

Use Home -> Conditional Formatting -> Highlight Cells -> Greater Than -> 80