Prokaryotic Kingdoms

Flashcards covering key concepts related to prokaryotic kingdoms including characteristics, structures, nutrition, reproduction, and importance in human life.

Prokaryote

The only type of prokaryotic organism, which are unicellular and lack a true nucleus.

Characteristics of Archaebacteria

These include extremophiles like thermoacidophiles, halophiles, and methanogens that thrive in extreme conditions.

Eubacteria

A kingdom of bacteria that are common and found in various environments, excluding extreme habitats.

Thermoacidophiles

A type of archaebacteria that live in hot, acidic environments such as hot springs.

Halophiles

A type of archaebacteria that thrive in high-salt environments like salt lakes.

Methanogens

A type of archaebacteria that produce methane gas and are found in anaerobic environments.

Flagella

A tail-like structure that aids in bacterial movement.

Pili

Hair-like structures on the surface of bacteria used for adherence and exchange of genetic material.

Capsule

A protective outer layer of some bacteria that helps prevent phagocytosis.

Cell Wall

A rigid structure that provides support and protection to bacterial cells.

Plasma Membrane

A semi-permeable membrane that regulates the entry and exit of substances in prokaryotic cells.

Genetic Material

The DNA or RNA contained within the bacterial cell that carries genetic information.

Ribosomes

Cell structures that synthesize proteins using genetic information.

Photoautotrophs

Bacteria that obtain energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy.

Chemoautotrophs

Bacteria that obtain energy from chemical compounds and use it to synthesize organic compounds.

Obligate Aerobes

Bacteria that require oxygen for survival.

Obligate Anaerobes

Bacteria that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.

Facultative Anaerobes

Bacteria that can survive with or without oxygen.

Endospores

A dormant, tough structure formed by some bacteria to survive harsh conditions.

Normal Flora

The community of beneficial bacteria that normally inhabit the body.

Pathogen

An organism, typically a bacterium, virus, or fungus, that causes disease.

Antibiotics

Medicines prescribed to stop the growth of bacteria causing infections.

Bacterial Reproduction: Binary Fission

A method where a single bacterial cell divides into two identical cells.

Bacterial Reproduction: Conjugation

A method where bacteria exchange genetic material through direct contact.

Bacterial Growth Conditions

Bacteria generally thrive in warm, moist environments with available nutrients.

Prevention of Bacterial Infections

Hygiene practices like handwashing, vaccinations, and proper food preparation.