Pharm elimination meds

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Q: What are common OTC antihistamine antiemetics?

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Dimenhydrinate (for motion sickness)

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Q: What is a prescription antihistamine used post-surgery as an antiemetic?

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Hydroxyzine (Vistaril, Atarax)

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41 Terms

1
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Q: What are common OTC antihistamine antiemetics?

Dimenhydrinate (for motion sickness)

2
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Q: What is a prescription antihistamine used post-surgery as an antiemetic?

Hydroxyzine (Vistaril, Atarax)

3
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Q: What prescription anticholinergic is used for motion sickness?

Scopolamine

4
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Q: What are common side effects of antihistamines & anticholinergics?

Drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, tachycardia, constipation

5
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Q: What are contraindications for antihistamines & anticholinergics?

Kidney/liver disease, enlarged prostate, heart disease, urinary retention

6
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Q: What dopamine antagonist antiemetics are also phenothiazines?

Promethazine, Droperidol

7
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Q: What are side effects of dopamine antagonist antiemetics?

Dry mouth, dizziness, EPS (tardive dyskinesia)

8
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Q: What are contraindications for dopamine antagonists?

Glaucoma, liver disease, bladder/prostate issues

9
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Q: Which benzodiazepine is used for chemotherapy nausea?

Lorazepam

10
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Q: What serotonin antagonist is used to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea?

Ondansetron

11
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Q: What are side effects of serotonin antagonists like ondansetron?

Headache, dizziness, hypotension, constipation, fatigue

12
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Q: What corticosteroids are used as antiemetics in chemo?

Dexamethasone, Methylprednisolone

13
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Q: What cannabinoid is used for nausea and what are its side effects?

Dronabinol; side effects: euphoria, dry mouth, orthostatic hypotension, mood changes

14
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Q: What miscellaneous antiemetic may cause EPS, especially in children?

Metoclopramide

15
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Q: What is the antibiotic class used for traveler’s diarrhea (E. coli)?

Fluoroquinolones

16
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Q: What antidiarrheal acts peripherally and is available OTC?

Loperamide

17
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Q: What opiate-related antidiarrheals are combined with atropine?

Diphenoxylate and Difenoxin

18
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Q: What are side effects of opiate antidiarrheals?

Constipation, dry mouth, dizziness, CNS depression, urinary retention

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Q: What are contraindications for antidiarrheals?

Infectious diarrhea (salmonella, E. coli), C. diff

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Q: What are four nonpharmacologic constipation treatments?

High fiber diet, water, exercise, regular bowel habits

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Q: What is the mechanism of osmotic (saline) laxatives?

Draw water into the bowel to soften stool

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Q: What are examples of osmotic laxatives?

Lactulose, Milk of Magnesia, Epsom salt, Sodium phosphate, Magnesium citrate, Glycerin

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Q: What are side effects of osmotic laxatives?

Abdominal cramps, flatulence

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Q: What is a contraindication of osmotic laxatives?

Renal insufficiency

25
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Q: What are stimulant laxatives and how do they work?

Bisacodyl, Castor oil, Senna; stimulate GI motility and mucosal irritation

26
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Q: What are side effects of stimulant laxatives?

Abdominal cramps, dizziness, reddish-brown urine

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Q: How do bulk-forming laxatives like psyllium work?

Increase stool volume to trigger peristalsis via stretch receptors

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Q: What is a key instruction for bulk-forming laxatives?

Must be taken with lots of water

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Q: What are emollient (stool softener) laxatives and how do they work?

Docusate sodium; lubricates and softens stool

30
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Q: What are the seven types of antiulcer agents?

Tranquilizers, anticholinergics, antacids, H2 blockers, PPIs, sucralfate, prostaglandin analogs

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Q: What is the role of tranquilizers in ulcer therapy?

Reduce vagal stimulation and anxiety (minimal direct effect)

32
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Q: What is an anticholinergic used in ulcer treatment and its side effects?

Glycopyrrolate; dry mouth, headache, constipation, palpitations

33
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Q: What are systemic and non-systemic antacids?

Systemic: sodium bicarbonate; Non-systemic: aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate

34
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Q: What are the side effects of calcium and magnesium antacids?

Calcium: constipation; Magnesium: diarrhea

35
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Q: What are H2 blockers and examples?

Block histamine at H2 receptors; examples: cimetidine, famotidine

36
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Q: What are side effects of H2 blockers?

Insomnia, constipation, erectile dysfunction

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Q: What are PPIs and an example?

Proton pump inhibitors (block H+ secretion); example: pantoprazole (Protonix)

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Q: What is sucralfate and how does it work?

Mucosal protective agent; binds to ulcers in acidic environment forming barrier

39
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Q: What are administration considerations for sucralfate?

Take on empty stomach; space 2 hrs from other meds

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Q: What can sucralfate interact with?

Digoxin, warfarin, certain benzos, phenytoin

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Q: What is misoprostol used for and its contraindication?

Used for NSAID-induced ulcers; contraindicated in pregnancy (can cause miscarriage)