chemistry chemical tests

lithium flame test result

bright red

sodium flame test result

yellow

potassium flame test result

lilac

copper(2) flame test result

blue-green

calcium flame test result

orange-red

flame test procedure

dip nichrome wire in acid and then heat in a roaring blue flame, dip the wire into salt/solution, observe the flame colour

copper(2) sodium hydroxide test result

blue green precipitate

iron(2) sodium hydroxide test result

green precipitate

iron(3) sodium hydroxide test result

brown precipitate

ammonium sodium hydroxide test result

gas forms

sodium hydroxide test procedure

dissolve the solid salt in water (or use a solution of the salt), place in a test tube, add drops of sodium hydroxide and observe the colour of the precipitate that forms

test for carbonate ions

add dilute nitric acid, should be fizzing

test for sulphate ions

add nitric acid, when no fizzing add barium chloride solution, white precipitate should form

anion test procedure

add nitric acid, when no fizzing add silver nitrate and observe the colour of the preciptate that forms

chlorine anion test result

white precipitate

bromine anion test result

cream precipitate

iodine anion test result

yellow precipitate

chemical test for pure water

add anhydrous copper sulphate, should turn blue

physical test for pure water

boil water, boiling point should be 100 or evaporate

test for hydrogen

lit splint should burn with a squeaky pop

test for carbon dioxide

bubbled limewater turns cloudy / hydrogen carbonate indicator

test for oxygen

relight a glowing splint

test for chlorine

bleach damp litmus paper, smells of swimming pool

test for ammonia

damp red litmus paper turns blue, distinctive cooking smell