2.1+2.2 : Cell & Molecular Biology

Carbohydrates

Short-term energy storage

Glycosidic linkage

Bond that connects monosaccharides in a polysaccharide

Lipids

Hydrophobic macromolecules used for long-term energy storage

Hydrogen bonds

Bonds that hold the secondary structure (α-helix

Primary protein structure

Sequence of amino acids

Peptide bond

Bond that links amino acids together

Phosphate head

Hydrophilic part of a phospholipid

Fatty acid tails

Hydrophobic part of a phospholipid

Active transport

Membrane transport that requires ATP

Osmosis

Movement of water from low to high solute concentration

Small nonpolar molecules

Molecules that can diffuse freely across the cell membrane

The cell

Basic unit of all living organisms

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic cells

Eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotes do not

DNA

Double-stranded nucleic acid that uses thymine

RNA

Single-stranded nucleic acid that uses uracil

Phosphodiester bond

Bond that links nucleotides in DNA and RNA

Water

Universal solvent; regulates temperature and supports chemical reactions

Amphipathic

Describes molecules with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions