Study Guide Philosphy

Interactionism

The view that mental states causally interact with physical states.

Occasionalism

The belief that God intervenes to maintain the correlation between mental and physical states without causal interaction.

Parallelism

The doctrine that mental and physical events are coordinated by God, leading to a correlation without direct interaction.

Epiphenomenalism

The view that the mental is produced by the physical but does not interact with it.

Idealism

The belief that only mental substances exist, and physical objects are merely ideas in a mind.

Reductive physicalism/materialism

The view that mental states are reducible to physical states.

Eliminative physicalism/materialism

The idea that the mental does not exist at all and should be eliminated from explanations of behavior.

Acquaintance knowledge

Knowledge gained through direct experience or familiarity with a person or thing.

Knowledge-that

Propositional knowledge or knowledge of facts, such as knowing that something is true.

Knowledge-how

Practical knowledge or skills, such as knowing how to perform a task.

Justified True Belief

Plato's definition of knowledge, requiring belief, truth, and justification.

Fallibilism

The view that no belief can be justified in a conclusive way.

Rationalism

The philosophical view that knowledge is acquired through reason rather than sensory experience.

Empiricism

The view that knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience.

Transcendental idealism

Kant’s philosophy stating that the mind shapes our experiences of reality.

What is Interactionism?

The view that mental states causally interact with physical states.

What does Occasionalism state?

The belief that God intervenes to maintain the correlation between mental and physical states without causal interaction.

Define Parallelism.

The doctrine that mental and physical events are coordinated by God, leading to a correlation without direct interaction.

What is Epiphenomenalism?

The view that the mental is produced by the physical but does not interact with it.

What does Idealism posit?

The belief that only mental substances exist, and physical objects are merely ideas in a mind.

Explain Reductive physicalism/materialism.

The view that mental states are reducible to physical states.

What is Eliminative physicalism/materialism?

The idea that the mental does not exist at all and should be eliminated from explanations of behavior.

What is Acquaintance knowledge?

Knowledge gained through direct experience or familiarity with a person or thing.

What does Knowledge-that refer to?

Propositional knowledge or knowledge of facts, such as knowing that something is true.

Define Knowledge-how.

Practical knowledge or skills, such as knowing how to perform a task.