Intro to Matter

Matter / Classifying matter / Physical & chemical properties and changes

Chemistry

The study of the properties of matter and how matter changes

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space (EX: air, soil, desks... - NOT matter: light, heat, energy)

Physical properties

Characteristics that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance EX: color, odor, solubility, density, boiling point, melting point, conductivity, luster, malleability...)

Chemical properties

A property of matter that describes a substance's ability to participate in chemical reactions (how will it react with other substances) (EX: flammability, reaction with water, reaction with oxygen)

Physical change

A change in a substance that does not change its identity (EX: breaking, ripping, change in state of matter)

Chemical change

a change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter (EX: rusting, burning, cooking, tarnishing, corrosion...)

Signs of a chemical reaction

color change (this signifies a new chemical has formed) /bubbling (this signifies a production of a gas) /temperature change (signifies a transfer of energy) /solid precipitate

Reactants

A starting material in a chemical reaction (left side of the chemical equation)

Products

The substances that are formed by the chemical change (found on the right side of the chemical equation)

\----\>

The arrow means yields or produces

+ sign

Means things are being combined or reacted with

States of matter

(s) solid,(l) liquid, (g) gas, (aq) aqueous which means dissolved in water

Solid

has a definite shape and volume; not easily compressed; does not flow; tightly packed

Liquid

Has indefinite shape; fixed volume; flows; not easily compressed

Gas

Indefinite shape and volume; Easily compressed; Flows; Expands and fills up space

Law of Conservation of Mass

Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change The amount of mass on the left side of the equation MUST equal the amount of mass on the right side of the equation.

Pure Substance

a type of matter that cannot be physically separated as it is either an element or compound

Mixture

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. If the composition is uniform (the same throughout) it is Homogeneous (EX - air, salt water). If it is not uniformly distributed, it is heterogeneous. (EX - salad, chocolate chip cookie)

Homogeneous mixture

a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout (EX: air, stainless steel, oil,

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture that is not uniform in composition; components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture (EX: Salad, chocolate chip cookie, oil and vinegar)

Element

A pure substance made of only one kind of atom

Compound

substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in a fixed ratio

How do elements get their name?

Named after a person, place, planet or using Latin roots