Medical Entomology History

What is medical entomology?

Arthropods and human health

What does medical entomology study

Arthropods

What are the 2 types of transmission

biological and mechanical

What is biological transmission?

Pathogen develops

What is mechanical transmission?

Contamination

What is myiasis

Maggots in tissue

What is a toxin?

Plant/animal poison

What is venom?

Injected poison

What is envenomation?

Venom injection

What is an arbovirus?

Arthropod-borne virus

What are 2 types of arthropod annoyance?

Biting + nonbiting

What causes allergic reactions?

Bites, contact, breathing

What can arthropods contaminate?

Food

What is entomophobia?

Fear of arthropods

What is myiasis caused by?

Fly larvae (maggots)

What causes plague

Yersinia pestis

What transmits plague?

fleas

What is the main sign of bubonic plague?

Bubo (large lymphatic glands)

When was the Plague of Justinian?

542–543 A.D.

When was the Black Death?

1341–1361

What transmitted the Black Death?

fleas

How many died during the Black Death?

75–200 million

What transmits typhus?

Body louse

What causes typhus?

Rickettsia prowazekii

When was typhus transmission described?

1911

When was R. prowazekii isolated?

1916

What war spread louse-borne typhus?

Thirty Years' War

When was the Thirty Years' War?

1618–1648

Whose army was weakened by typhus?

Napoleon Bonapartes

What causes malaria?

Plasmodium

What transmits malaria?

Mosquitoes

Who discovered the malaria parasite?

Laveran

When did Laveran discover it?

1870

Who proved mosquitoes transmit malaria?

Ronald Ross

When did Ross prove transmission?

1897

What causes filariasis?

Wuchereria bancrofti

What mosquito is involved in filariasis?

Culex quinquefasciatus

Who studied W. bancrofti?

Patrick Manson

When was Manson's discovery?

1878

What can filariasis cause?

Elephantiasis

What transmits yellow fever?

Aedes aegypti

Who proposed mosquito transmission of yellow fever?

Carlos Finlay

When did Finlay propose it?

1881

Who proved Aedes transmits yellow fever?

Reed's team

Who was on Reed's team?

Reed, Carroll, Lazear, Agramonte

Who died during the yellow fever experiments?

Jesse Lazear

When was Aedes confirmed as the vector?

1901

Who headed the Yellow Fever Commission?

Walter reed

When was the Yellow Fever Commission established

1900

Why did the Panama Canal project shut down?

yellow fever

Who linked ticks to Texas cattle fever?

Smith + Kilbourne

When was this discovery?

1889

What tick was involved in Texas cattle fever?

Boophilus annulatus

Why was the discovery of the Texas Cattle Fever important?

First tick-vector link

What is illusory parasitosis?

Misinterpreted stimulus

What can cause unknown bites?

Mites, lice, fleas, chiggers, midges, ticks, bedbugs

Name a physical irritant?

low humidity

Name a chemical irritant.

Formaldehyde

What specialist may help with building-related problems?

industrial hygienist

What should you do if no arthropod is found?

Don't reinforce the belief

What is delusory parasitosis?

False infestation belief

What is another name for delusory parasitosis?

Ekbom syndrome

What is psychosis?

Loss of reality

Who is commonly affected by delusionary parasitosis?

Older women

What is the female ratio in delusory parasitosis?

2:1

What drugs are associated with younger males?

meth and cocaine

What psychiatric conditions can be associated with DP?

Schizophrenia, paranoia, depression

Name a physical condition associated with DP.

Hypothyroidism

What major life events can trigger DP?

Divorce, death, stress

Should you reinforce delusory parasitosis?

No

Laveran » ?

Malaria

Manson → ?

Filariasis

Finlay → ?

Yellow fever

Smith & Kilbourne → ?

Cattle tick

Ronald Ross → ?

Malaria transmission

Walter Reed → ?

Yellow fever

Jesse Lazear → ?

Yellow fever experiments

1870 → ?

Laveran / malaria

1878 → ?

Manson / filariasis

1881 → ?

Finlay / yellow fever

1889 → ?

Smith + Kilbourne / cattle tick

1897 → ?

Ross / malaria

1900 → ?

Reed / Yellow Fever Commission

1901 → ?

Aedes / yellow fever

1911 → ?

Typhus transmission

1916 → ?

R. prowazekii

How many international quarantinable diseases?

6

How many are arthropod-borne?

4

What is the flea-borne disease?

plague

What are the louse-borne diseases?

Typhus + relapsing fever

What is the mosquito-borne disease?

Yellow fever

Flea

plague

louse

typhus

mosquito

malaria

aedes aegypti

yellow fever

Culex quinquefasciatus

Filariasis

Fly larva → ?

Myiasis