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598 Terms
What is a project lifecycle?
The sequential and iterative process a project goes through from initiation to completion.
What does a project lifecycle provide?
A structured framework for managing and executing a project.
What is meant by a “process” in project management?
A series of steps or phases followed to complete a project.
What are the main types of project lifecycles?
Predictive
Iterative
Incremental
Adaptive (Agile)
Hybrid
What is a Predictive project lifecycle?
A linear approach where scope, timeline, and resources are defined upfront.
What is an Iterative project lifecycle?
A lifecycle that repeats planning, executing, and evaluating in short cycles.
What is an Incremental project lifecycle?
A lifecycle that delivers the project in smaller phases, each providing part of the final product.
What is an Adaptive (Agile) project lifecycle?
A flexible lifecycle focused on collaboration, feedback, and responding to change.
What is a Hybrid project lifecycle?
A combination of predictive and adaptive approaches tailored to project needs.
Which lifecycles are more flexible and adaptable?
Iterative
Incremental
Adaptive (Agile)
Hybrid
What does “predictive” mean in project management?
To foretell the outcome with clear goals, schedules, and deadlines.
What level of certainty does the predictive lifecycle have?
A high degree of certainty.
When is the predictive lifecycle best suited?
When objectives and requirements are well-defined and outcomes are predictable.
Why is the predictive lifecycle not suitable for complex projects?
Because it does not handle unclear requirements or frequent changes well.
What is the first phase of the predictive lifecycle?
Initiation.
What happens during the Initiation phase?
The project is defined, stakeholders are identified, and goals are established.
What is the Planning phase?
Detailed planning of deliverables, budget, timeline, risks, constraints, and resources.
What happens during the Execution phase?
Work begins, resources are allocated, and deliverables are developed and tested.
What is Monitoring and Controlling?
Tracking progress, resolving issues, and reviewing performance.
What happens during the Closing phase?
Deliverables are completed, verified, released, and the project is evaluated.
What is Traditional project management?
A strict, plan-based approach with defined processes from start to finish.
What are the five traditional project management stages?
Initiate
Plan
Execute
Monitor
Close
Why are traditional projects sequential?
Each stage must be completed before the next begins.
What is the Waterfall model?
A predictive, step-by-step project management approach with fixed phases.
Why is it called the Waterfall model?
Each phase flows into the next without overlap.
When are requirements gathered in Waterfall?
At the very beginning of the project.
Why is change difficult in the Waterfall model?
Because everything is planned upfront and changes can be costly.
What is Phase 1 of Waterfall?
Requirement Gathering & Analysis.
What happens during Requirement Gathering & Analysis?
Goals, feasibility, costs, limitations, and requirements are defined.
What is Phase 2 of Waterfall?
Design.
What happens in the Design phase?
Architecture is created using diagrams, prototypes, and plans.
What is Phase 3 of Waterfall?
Implementation? (Implementation)
Phase 3. Implementation: The product is built and development work begins.
What happens during Implementation?
The product is built and development work begins.
What is Phase 4 of Waterfall?
Testing.
What happens during Testing?
The product is tested, broken, fixed, and improved.
What is Phase 5 of Waterfall?
Deployment.
What happens during Deployment?
The product goes live and is delivered to customers.
What is Phase 6 of Waterfall?
Maintenance.
What happens during Maintenance?
Fixes, patches, and updates are applied after release.
What is an advantage of clear objectives and roles?
Everyone knows exactly what is expected of them.
Why is the Traditional Plan method controlled?
All changes must be approved.
Why is the Traditional Plan method predictable?
The plan and outcomes are clearly defined upfront.
Who is accountable in traditional project management?
The project manager.
Why is documentation important in traditional projects?
It records objectives, plans, and milestones.
Why is the Traditional Plan method cost-effective?
Projects are less complex with fewer unexpected changes.
What is the biggest disadvantage of the Traditional Plan method?
Lack of flexibility.
Why is outside input limited in traditional projects?
Stakeholders and customers have little involvement after planning.
Why is shifting scope difficult in traditional project management?
Changes are hard to implement once planning is complete.
Why is the Traditional Plan method not adaptable?
It struggles with unexpected changes and evolving requirements.
Why is changing technology an issue in traditional projects?
New technology cannot be easily integrated once the plan is set.
Why can estimating be difficult in traditional projects?
Inaccurate estimates can lead to delays and cost overruns.
What is an adaptive lifecycle?
An iterative and flexible approach to managing projects that adapts to change.
How is work structured in an adaptive lifecycle?
The project is broken into small, manageable iterations or increments.
What is the purpose of iterations in an adaptive lifecycle?
To deliver features, gather feedback, and improve future iterations.
What role does flexibility play in an adaptive lifecycle?
It allows the project to adjust to changing requirements and uncertainty.
Why is collaboration important in an adaptive lifecycle?
Continuous stakeholder and team input helps guide the project direction.
What is incremental delivery?
Delivering usable portions of the product at regular intervals.
Why is incremental delivery beneficial?
It allows early validation, user involvement, and reduces risk.
What is continuous improvement in an adaptive lifecycle?
Using feedback to improve processes, products, and efficiency.
What is empirical decision-making?
Making decisions based on real data, observation, and measurement.
Which methodology best demonstrates the adaptive lifecycle?
Agile methodology.
What is the Agile lifecycle?
An iterative and incremental approach focused on flexibility, collaboration, and improvement.
Name common Agile frameworks.
Scrum
Kanban
Extreme Programming (XP)
What is sprint planning?
Selecting user stories and tasks for the upcoming sprint.
Who collaborates during sprint planning?
The development team and the product owner.
What happens during sprint execution?
The team works on tasks and holds daily stand-up meetings.
What is a daily stand-up meeting?
A short meeting to discuss progress, issues, and next steps.
What is incremental development in Agile?
Delivering working software at the end of each sprint.
Why is continuous testing important in Agile?
It ensures quality throughout development, not just at the end.
What happens during a sprint review?
Completed work is demonstrated to stakeholders for feedback.
What is a sprint retrospective?
A meeting to evaluate team performance and identify improvements.
How does Agile support continuous improvement?
By adapting plans based on feedback and changing requirements.
What is the hybrid lifecycle?
A project management approach that combines multiple methodologies.
Why has the hybrid approach become popular?
It adapts best practices to fit specific project needs.
How is the hybrid approach tailored to projects?
Managers choose methods that best suit the project’s needs.
Why is communication important in the hybrid approach?
It ensures transparency and early problem identification.
How does the hybrid approach support continuous improvement?
It allows flexibility and adjustments throughout the project.
What is the focus of the predictive approach?
Detailed upfront planning and fixed requirements.
How does the predictive approach handle project phases?
Sequentially, with each phase completed before the next.
How does the predictive approach handle change?
Changes are discouraged and require formal approval.
When is the predictive approach best suited?
In stable environments with clear and fixed requirements.
What principles guide the adaptive approach?
Agile principles emphasizing flexibility and collaboration.
How is work delivered in the adaptive approach?
Through short iterations or sprints.
How does the adaptive approach handle change?
Change is welcomed, even during execution.
When is the adaptive approach best used?
In projects with high uncertainty or changing requirements.
What does the hybrid approach combine?
Predictive and adaptive methodologies.
What is a key benefit of the hybrid approach?
Balance between control and flexibility.
How does the hybrid approach improve collaboration?
By encouraging communication between teams and stakeholders.
How do predictive, adaptive, and hybrid approaches differ?
Predictive uses fixed plans, adaptive embraces change, and hybrid combines both.
What is a project lifecycle?
The sequential and iterative process a project goes through from initiation to completion.
What does a project lifecycle provide?
A structured framework for managing and executing a project.
What is meant by a “process” in project management?
A series of steps or phases followed to complete a project.
What are the main types of project lifecycles?
Predictive
Iterative
Incremental
Adaptive (Agile)
Hybrid
What is a Predictive project lifecycle?
A linear approach where scope, timeline, and resources are defined upfront.
What is an Iterative project lifecycle?
A lifecycle that repeats planning, executing, and evaluating in short cycles.
What is an Incremental project lifecycle?
A lifecycle that delivers the project in smaller phases, each providing part of the final product.
What is an Adaptive (Agile) project lifecycle?
A flexible lifecycle focused on collaboration, feedback, and responding to change.
What is a Hybrid project lifecycle?
A combination of predictive and adaptive approaches tailored to project needs.
Which lifecycles are more flexible and adaptable?
Iterative
Incremental
Adaptive (Agile)
Hybrid
What does “predictive” mean in project management?
To foretell the outcome with clear goals, schedules, and deadlines.