Ch 3 biological foundations of health and illness

which brain structure is primairly responsible for maintaing body balance and coordinating voluntary msucle movement?

cerebellum

what is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?

to prepare the body for fight or flight responses during stress

How do B cells and T cells differ in their immunce system functions?

B Cells create antibodies and memory cells while T cells attack directly

how does the parasympathetic nervous system function in relation to bodily recovery? 

it helps the body recover after arousal by decreasing heart rate and increasing digestive activity. 

how does herd immunity contribute to public health protection

having more people vaccinated reduces disease transmission risk to unvaccinated individuals.

what is the relationship between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in hormone regulation?

the hypothalamus directly controls pituitary functioning acting as the master control system

how do natural killer cells contribute to the immune system’s nonspecific defenses?

they patrol the body for diseased cells and destroy targets by injecting lethal chemicals

what is the significance of the microbiota- gut brain axis in health and behavior? 

it represents a bidirectional communication network linking brain centers to gastrointestinal functions

what distinguishes specific immune responses from nonspecific immune defenses?

specific responses occur only when a particular invader has been encountered before

what is the primary role of the medulla in maintaining vital body functions?

it controls breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure through autonomic reflexes

what role do memory cells play in secondary immune responses

they produce faster, stronger, antibody reactions when encountering familiar antigens again.