Year 8 End of Year Science Assessment Revision Flash Cards

Vocabulary flashcards for Year 8 End of Year Science Assessment Revision based on lecture notes.

Newtons (N)

The units for force.

Change its speed, direction or shape

Forces can change an object's speed, direction, or shape.

Friction, push, pull, up thrust, air resistance, water resistance

Examples of contact forces.

Magnetism, weight, electrostatic

Examples of non-contact forces.

Weight and air resistance

Two forces acting on a sky diver.

Arrows

How forces are represented on diagrams.

Newton meter

Equipment used to measure forces.

Weight

The force that pushes objects down to Earth.

Friction

A substance that reduces friction.

Keep the same

A factor in an experiment that we must keep the same.

Change

The independent variable in an experiment is the factor that we change.

measure

The dependent variable in an investigation is the factor we measure.

10

How many mm are in 1 cm.

Equal

Forces are balanced if they are equal in size and act in opposite directions.

Size

If a pair of forces are unbalanced they are not equal in Size.

Resultant force

The overall force acting on an object.

By subtracting the size of the smaller force from the size of the bigger force

How to calculate the resultant force.

ON

If a pair of forces are equal and opposite, what is the resultant force?

Stationary or steady speed

If the forces acting on an object are balanced, what two things could the object be doing?

Changing speed, direction or shape

If the forces acting on an object are unbalanced in which 3 way might the object be changing?

Friction

Which force causes moving objects to slow down and stop moving?

meters

Scientific units for measuring distance.

seconds

Scientific units for measuring time.

Speed Distance/Time

Equation for calculating speed.

0

The speed of a stationary object in m/s.

Its speed is not changing

If an object is moving at a constant speed, its speed is not changing.

Speeding up

What is happening to the speed of an object that is accelerating?

Slowing down

What is happening to the speed of an object if it is decelerating?

stationary

What does a horizontal line mean on a distance-time graph?

Constant speed

What does a straight diagonal line mean on a distance-time graph?

The speed of the object

What does the slope of the line indicate in a distance-time graph?

Air resistance

A type of friction in air.

Water resistance

A type of friction in liquids.

There are no particles

Why is there no air resistance in a vacuum?

More

The faster an object moves, the more drag it experiences.

Streamling the shape

How can the drag on an object be reduced?

Weight

The downward force acting on a sky diver.

Weight is bigger than air resistance

In terms of forces, why does a skydiver accelerate as he jumps out of the plane?

Chemical, thermal, gravitational, kinetic, elastic

Five energy stores.

Kinetic

Energy store full in moving objects.

Chemical

Energy store found in food, fuel, and batteries.

Thermal

Energy store contained in most matter and increases when the temperature increases.

Gravitational

Energy store contained in objects high off the ground.

Elastic

Energy store contained in objects that are stretched or compressed.

Chemical

Petrol in a car is an example of which energy store?

Kinetic

A car speeding up is gaining more energy in which store?

Gravitational

A person walking up the stairs is gaining more energy in which store?

Chemical

Food contains which energy store?

Kilojoules (KJ)

Unit for energy contained in food.

Thermometer

Equipment used to measure temperature.

Conclusion

Describing what we found out in an investigation

force distance

When work is done a force is applied to move a distance.

work done (J)= Force (N) x Distance (m)

Equation for work done.

(J) Joules

Units for work done.

A balance

Equipment used to measure mass.

The balance is set to zero and grams

Before adding a mass to a balance, ensure the balance is set to zero and grams.

100

How many cm are in 1 m?

Source of error

A factor in an investigation that may reduce the accuracy of the results.

Coal, oil, gas

The 3 fossil fuels

How fossil fuels such as oil are formed.

Remains of dead sea creatures get buried, exposed to heat and pressure, over millions of years

Fossil fuels are non-renewable.

They are being used at a faster rate than they can be made

Power Station

Where is energy to be used in the home generated?

The main 3 stages of generating electricity in the Power Station.

Burn a fuel, Use the heat to make steam, The turbine attached to the generator turns the generator

is a measure of how much energy will be transferred to an device every second

Energy is transferred to an appliance every second

(W) Watts

Unit for power

Energy transferred (J)= Power (W) x Time (s).

Equation to calculate the energy transferred to a device

(J) Joules

Units for energy transferred.

Renewable energy source

A source that can be replenished and so will not run out

wind, solar, hydroelectric, biomass

Four examples of renewable energy sources

Does not produce pollutant gases

Give an advantage of producing electricity using solar, wind or hydroelectric

Matter

Any substance that takes up space

5 common properties of metals

Shiny, hard, malleable, good conductors of electricity and heat, dense

Physical property

A characteristic that can be observed without performing a chemical reaction

Metals are malleable

Can be shaped or bent without breaking

A material is a good conductor of heat of electricity.

It allow heat or electricity to quickly flow through them

A material is dense

Heavy for it's size

Matter is made from

Particles

3 properties of matter when it is in the solid state

Fixed shape, cannot flow, cannot be compressed

What has to be transferred to a solid for it to melt?

Energy

The motion of particles when energy is transferred to them

They move faster

Forces that hold particles together

Forces of attraction

When particles have enough energy, what are they able to do in terms of forces of attraction?

Overcome them and change state

The units used to measure temperature:

(°C) Degrees Celsius

Why does matter in the solid state have a fixed shape?

There are strong forces of attraction between the particles

Evaporation

Changing from liquid to gas

What must be transferred to particles to cause evaporation?

Energy

Properties of matter when in the gas state

Can increase in volume to take up the whole of the container they are held in, can be compressed

Describe the motion of particles when in the gaseous state

Quickly and randomly, they can move away from other particles

Why can the volume of a gas increase?

The particles can move away from one another

Why can gases be compressed?

There are gaps/space between the particles

Why can particles in the gaseous state overcome the force of attraction that holds them together?

They have lots of energy

What type of changes are state changes?

Physical changes

State changes are reversible

They can be changed back

Describe the arrangement of the particles when matter is in the solid state

Arranged in a regular pattern, tightly packed with very little space between them

Describe the motion of particles when matter is in the solid state

They vibrate in a fixed position but cannot move around

Why can matter in the solid state not be compressed?

The particles are already very tightly packed together, No empty space between particles

Why does matter in the solid state have a fixed shape?

The particles cannot move around

The 3 states of matter

Solid, liquid, gas

Melting

Changing from solid to liquid

3 properties of matter in the liquid state

Takes the shape of the bottom of the container, can flow, difficult but not impossible to compress