Soil conservation and protetion

Soil

superficial layer of earth, developing under the influence of soil-forming factors and conditions.

complex, polyfunctional, open, polyphase, structured system, forming superficial layer of the lithosphere

vertically and horizontally structured natural body  a constituent of the system geosphere-biosphere  natural resource, economically exploitable

Fertility

consits of by complex of physical, physicochemical, chemical and biological soil characteristics

Potential fertility (natural)

is determined by soil development - it is a soil potential to provide a crop without human activity

Effective fertility

is real fertility after human influence - usually higher – can be also lower

sand

between 0.05 and 2

could be rounded or angular

prone to drought

smaller part of plant content

free drainage and air pass

pores relatively large

silt

between 0,05 and 0,02

quarz and weatherable minerals

smooth and silky

pourus a lot and small

reitain water!

soil washed away is flowing water

compaction

form of physical degradation in which soil biological activity and soil productivity for agro forest cropping are reduced resulting in env consequences away from immediate area directly effected

effects of soil compaction

increse bulk density, decrease porosity, microbial activity

rooting

decrease of infiltration

problems with cultivation

no musture and no air

histosol

dark soil composed of som in waterlogging conditions

cherozem (mollisol)

think dark layer with som and nutrients

pedzol (spodosol)

think yellow light soil rich in iroon and alluminium

pedosphere

one of the geomembranes, it controls exchange of matter and energy between the other spheres

functions of soil

food and biomass production

env interaction (storage, filtering, transformation)

physiscal and cultural heritage

platform for structure (buildings)

biological habitat

gene pool

source of raw materials

threats for soil

1. biodiversity loss

2. erosion

3. salinity

4. soil sealing

5. soil contamination

6. loss of som

7. soil compaction

8. flood and landslides

main couses for soil loss (quality)

1. non agricultural exploitation

2. unproper agricultural exploitation

3. salinisation

4. wind erosion

5. water erosion

6. contamination with toxic compaunds

7. acidification

8. physical and biological changes