DE World History - Unit 4 The Cold War, Final

The Cold War

• U.S vs. the Soviet Union (USSR)

• Indirect confrontations

• Conflict of ideological differences

• 1945-1991

Capitalism

An economic system in which trade and industry are privately owned and products and prices are determined by competition (A Free Market)

Containment

• Containment of Communism

• Foreign Policy of the U.S.

Arms Race

The buildup of nuclear weapons

Long Telegram

• An 8,000 word telegram from Geroge Kennan on the aggressive nature of Stalin's foreign policy

• Provided an influential underpinning for America’s Cold War policy of containment (became a foundational document)

NSC-68

• The National Security Council created a report proclaiming the threat of Soviet communism

• Explained the reasoning as to why the Cold War needed to happen

Doolittle Committee

• Led by James H. Doolittle

• A report explaining how dangerous the Soviet Union is and provides recommendations on how to deal with the threat

• Suggested that the CIA, military, and other agencies work together to stop the Soviet Union

Truman Doctrine

• Established by Harry S. Truman

• Stated that America would provide political, military, and economic assistance to Greece and Turkey, due to the belief in a threat of communism there

• Containment

• Moral Obligation

-Said they had to help out; showed how scary communism was

Marshall Plan

• Economic aid to Europe

-Rebuild Europe

-Greatness of Capitalism

Berlin Blockade

• An attempt made by the Soviet Union to limit the ability of the United States, Great Britain, and France to enter the city of Berlin

• Split of Berlin

• The Soviets blockaded entry points to Berlin

• Berlin aircraft

-The East is communism (Soviet Union), the West is Capitalism (Allies)

-East Berlin's fleeing to West Berlin

-Stopped crossing of Berliners

-The Allies flew over the blockade and dropped supplies to West Berlin

-278,000 air drop-offs

NATO

• NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

-If one country in NATO is attacked, all twelve countries will be involved

1. Warsaw Pact

Created by the Soviets to go against NATO

India’s Independence Movement

• End British Rule

• August 1947

• Non-Violent

Domino Theory

• Guided U.S. Foreign Policy

• Countries will fall like dominoes to communism

Chinese Communist Revolution

• October 1949

• Resentment toward Japan

• Civil War for Power

• Communism Spreads

• Fled to Taiwan

The Korean War

• 1950 - 1953

• North Communist, South Capitalist

• Build Up of Nuclear Weapons

• Started when the North invaded the South

• Settled armistice, no peace treaty, only a ceasefire.

1. The Vietnam War

• Guld of Tonkin Incident (Aug. 1964)

• Fought on the waters

• Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

• U.S. boats in the Gulf of Thailand, the U.S. gets shot at and shoots back

• Lyndon B Johnson and Congress granted permission to move American troops into Vietnam

• Sent over 1 million troops in 4 years

• TET Offensive (Jan.-Aug. 1968)

• Vietcong attacks the U.S. troops, armies, and villages

•  take hostages

• Calls for U.S. troops to leave Vietnam

• Shatters American civilian trust in the government

• North communist, south capitalist

Battle of Dien Bien Phu

• French are surrounded and forced to surrender

• Replace the French, stop the spread of communism

• Geneva Conference

• Divided Vietnam and ended the French Indochina War

• 17 Parallel

• The military line that divided Vietnam into North and South

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

• Allowed the U.S. to send troops into Vietnam.  War was declared by the U.S. Congress

• August 1964

TET Offensive

• Vietnam launched a huge offensive against the U.S. troops.

• The American people found out the U.S. was lying about winning the war.  Strengthens the Anti-War movement

• January - August 1968

Khmer Rouge

• 1975 - 1979

• Marxist Leader wanted to get rid of industry and go to year 0

• Supported communism after the government of Cambodia fell

• Vietnam invaded and got rid of him

CIA and KGB

• Spies, overthrew governments, and persuasion, shaped to their benefit

• CIA is the US, KGB is the Soviet

Operation Ajax (Coup in Iran, 1953)

• First Attempt to overthrow a government

• Cut off British oil, after the oil was nationalized

• Fake stories and propaganda

• 1st stormed government, 2nd U.S. military won

Cuban Revolution

• Platt Amendment

• Lots of trade with Cuba, and did not want them to turn communist

• Cuban Revolution

• Fidel Castro wanted Cuba to become a communist utopia, and get rid of the U.S. (idolized the Soviet Union)

• Sparks a Civil War

• Establish Cuba as a communist country in Havana, very close in proximity to the U.S.

• Nikita Khruschev (Soviet Union) and Fidel Castro (Cuba)became best friends/allies

• Impact

• Three communist countries are in an alliance

• China, Cuba, and the Soviet Union

• Not containment

Operation Mongoose

• Plan to assassinate the communist Cuban leader, Fidel Castro

• Poisoning, humiliating, and bombs

• Failed many times

Cuban Missile Crisis

• Found missiles using the U-2 Spy Plane

• The U.S. issued a blockade that raised tensions

• A secret meeting between the Soviet Union and the U.S. to remove missiles from Cuba and Turkey

1954 Guatemalan Coup (Overthrow of Jacobo Arbenz)

• Inequality and the United Fruit Company

• Threatened and fake stories

• Arbens resigns

• Castillo became the new leader

• Instability of government

Detente

• Easing of hostility and tensions

• Peaceful with the Soviets

Collapse of the Soviet Union

• Soviet economy was failing; many people unhappy with communist rule

• Communist governments in Eastern Europe collapsed

• The Soviet Union broke apart into independent countries