Genres and Key Conventions

speech

direct address, rhetorical questions, repetition, emotive language, persuasive techniques, clear structure (opening, body, conclusion), audience awareness

interview / transcript

question-and-answer format, adjacency pairs, fillers, interruptions, informal register, spoken language features, turn-taking

article

headline, subheadings, factual tone, persuasive language, expert quotes, statistics, structured argument, audience targeting

autobiography / memoir

first-person narration, reflection, chronological structure, emotional tone, descriptive detail, personal anecdotes

travel writing

sensory imagery, cultural references, personal experience, descriptive language, reflective tone, anecdotal structure

blog / diary entry

informal tone, personal reflection, first-person voice, chronological structure, emotive language, conversational style

review

evaluative language, personal opinion, comparison, summary of content, star ratings or verdict, persuasive tone

letter (formal and informal)

greeting and sign-off, clear structure, appropriate register, persuasive or informative tone, personal voice

opinion piece / editorial

strong viewpoint, persuasive techniques, rhetorical questions, emotive language, structured argument, audience engagement

advertisement / promotional text

persuasive language, imperative verbs, catchy slogans, visual layout (if multimodal), direct address, exaggeration

podcast transcript / broadcast

spoken language features, informal tone, turn-taking, fillers, audience awareness, topic shifts

scripted dialogue (e.g. drama extract)

character voice, stage directions (if present), conflict or tension, adjacency pairs, dramatic structure

commentary / essay extract

formal tone, analytical structure, topic sentences, evidence and explanation, cohesive devices

spoken language extract (e.g. spontaneous conversation)

fillers, overlaps, false starts, informal register, turn-taking, non-fluency features