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What is DNA?
DNA makes up chromosomes which contain the genetic information needed to build up specific protein molecules from individual amino acids.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid.
What is DNA composed of?
They are polymers, composed of monomers called nucleotides.
What is the DNA nucleotide structure?
Made up of phosphate group, pentose sugar and nitrogenous base.
Phosphate Group
This gives nucleic acids their acidic properties.
Pentose Sugar
Has a ring structure which contains 5 carbons, in DNA called a deoxyribose.
Nitrogenous Base
4 Nitrogenous bases which are adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine.
How many strands does DNA have?
DNA is double-stranded, its two strands are antiparallel to one another.
What are the strands made out of?
the strands are made out of sugar-phosphate backbone, there are hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairings.
How is a DNA double helix formed?
The double stranded molecule forms a helix because it twists, due to the nitrogenous bases are hydrophobic while the sugar-phosphate backbone is hydrophilic
Draw and label a simple molecular structure of DNA
What is RNA?
RNA stands for ribonucleic acid and it is directly involved in protein synthesis.
What is the structure of RNA?
RNA is polymers, composed of nucleotide monomers. It is also single stranded and gas ribose sugars instead of deoxyribose.
What are the nitrogenous bases of RNA?
Adenine, Uracil, Guanine and Cytosine.
What are the 3 types of RNA?
messenger RNA (mRNA)
transfer RNA (tRNA)
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
What are the numbers of strands between DNA and RNA?
DNA - Double Stranded.
RNA - Single Stranded.
What are the sugars in DNA and RNA?
DNA - Deoxyribose Sugar.
RNA - Ribose Sugar.
What are the base pairs in DNA and RNA?
DNA - Adenine=Thymine and Guanine=Cytosine
RNA - Adenine=Uracil and Guanine=Cytosine
What is the function of DNA?
Contains the necessary information for the synthesis of proteins.
What is the function of RNA?
rRNA - Makes up ribosomes.
mRNA - carries information stored in the DNA to the ribosomes.
tRNA - uses the information carried by the mRNA to build up proteins.
