Studied by 5 people
russiafication
making non-russian things (places, people) more russian. (i.e. changing religions, leanguages)
romanov
russian 'royal' family
order of tsarist russian social structure
tsar, nobles, russian orthodox church, army, middle class, working class/peasants
autocratic system
only one person was in charge of the whole country (in russia's case it was the tsar)
problems of tsar nicholas ii
little experience when taking over, son and heir (alexei) suffered from haemophilia, mistrusted ministers, WWI (CIC-1915), Bloody Sunday, inflation, food shortages
1894-1917
time nicholas ii spent on the throne of russia
reactionary system
only reacted to things, very hostile to change
alexander ii
nicholas' grandfather (great reformer)
alexander iii
nicholas' father, who didn't train him to be tsar properly (great repressor)
autocracy, orthodoxy, nationalism
tsar, religion, russia. russian motto
karl marx
wrote communist manifesto in 1848 (along with friedrich engels), born in 1818, died in 1883
marx's stages of history
slavery to feudalism to capitalism to socialism to communism. would take hundreds of years
orthodoxy
a branch of christainity
father george gapon
led the people on bloody sunday
events of bloody sunday
(22nd january 1905), father george gapon led the assembly of factory workers (peacefully) with a petition for an eight hour working day, freedom to organise trade unions, improved working conditions, free medical aid, higher wages for women workers, elections to be held (with secret suffrage), freedom of speech, press, association and religion, an end to the russo-japan war. the army shot at the very peaceful protesters turning it into a massacre (technically nicholas didn't order this, he was away at the time, but he was still blamed and earned the nickname 'bloody nicholas')
russo-japan war
nicholas tried to win favour with the people (patriotic spirit), lasted from 1904-1905, russia lost with humilation
second meeting of the social democrats
1903, in london, factions in the party began to emerge, mensheviks (minority in russian, but majority of party) and bolsheviks (majority in russian)
mensheviks
started in 1903 by gregori martov. felt that party membership should be open to anyone who followed the programme and was willing to follow instructions (true communists)
bolsheviks
started in 1903 led by vladmir lenin. felt that members should live and die for the revolution (not true communists- wanted to jump straight to communism)
george plekhanov
leader of the social democrats party
first duma
established may 1906. mainly kadets and social revolutionaries. called for land reform and release of political prisoners. lasted two months. dismisses for passing a vote of 'no confidence in prime minister ivan goremykin
second duma
established february 1907. mainly kadets were involved in writing the vyborg appeal critiscised the government and demanded for the non-payment of taxes. dissolved when members began promoting revolutionary organisations within the army. lasted five months
third duma
established in 1907. lasted five years. arrangements had been made for landowners to have more voting power. (most affluent third of the population). less radical and more favourable to the government.
fourth duma
established november 1912. mainly octoberists on one side and socialists on the other. decision making was increasingly difficult. suspended in 1915. by this time russia was seriously committed to fighting austria and germany in WW1. lasted three years
october manifesto, 17 october 1905
response to bloody sunday. freedom of speech, assembly, association, duma (a version of parliament), people will now get a say in the law
fundamental law, 23 april 1906
tsar has supreme power, no law happens without tsar approval. seven months after october manifesto. complete betrayal of the people
assimilation
to make everything the same (that thing that immigrants have to do when they move to a new country)
sailors rebelled at ... on bloody sunday
potemkin
constitutional monarchy
what we have in britain. reform to preserve. king/queen still in power but with democratic elements
nicholas ii had ... daughters and ... sons
four, one
nicholas joined the russian army at age...
nineteen
