Peried 3(1763-1800s)

French and Indian War

aka 7 years war. War between French and their Indian Allies versus British. Ended by 1763 Treaty of Prais.

Cause of French & Indian War

Debate over Ohio River & Great Lakes Region

1st Effect of French & Indian War

British won with MAJOR Debt so they increased tax on colonies imported goods

2nd Effect of French & Indian War

Increased Conflicts with Native Americans - Pontiac’s Rebellion against British Colonists

Proclamation of 1763

Prohibited english settlement into Appalachian Mountains (ignored) + ended salutary neglect

Naviagtion Acts

Effect of Mercantilism - Colonies could ONLY trade with Britain ( still illegally smuggled and traded with outside nations)

Greenville’s Plan

Ended Salutary Neglect

• stricter enforcement of laws

• extend wartime provisions into peacetime

• quartering act of 1765

Quartering Act of 1765

Kept British soldiers in colonies + made colonist responsible for soilders’ food and housing

Sugar Act

Tax on coffee, wine, other luxury goods

Stamp Act

Tax on all paper items/goods

Currency Act

Prohibited colonies from printing own paper

Effect of Currency Act

British was increasing taxes but decreasing colonies’ money supply leading to idea of taxation without representation

Enlighten

belief that no man should have control over another according to the bible

Virtual Representation

British justification on taxation without representation - said representation in classes of people

Sons + Daughters of Liberty

Group of people who rebelled against taxation

Cause of Sons + Daughters of Liberty

Stamp Act

Effect of S+DoL

Stamp Act Congress

Declatory Act

British could pass any law on colonoes

Boston Massacre

Young colonist harassing British soilders so they were shot at → 11 shot, 4 killed

1770

Boston Massacre

1773

Boston Tea Party

Boston Tea Party

Sons of Liberty dumped 2 million $ worth of tea on the Boston harbor

Cause of Boston Tea Party

Boston Massacre

Effect of Boston Tea Party

Coercive Acts

Coercive Act

Closed Boston Harbor until tea was payed for

1774

Coercive Acts + Continental Congress

Continental Congress

Meeting between delegates from almost every colony to discuss what to do about British increased tyranny

John Locke

Enlightenment writer → Preached the power to govern is in the hands of people and not the monarch + natural rights could not be taken by government because they were granted by god

Jean - Jacques Rousseau

Enlightenment writer → preached since the power to govern was in the hands of the people, people could agree to give up some power to government if they protect their natural rights

Baron de Montequieu

Enlightenment writer→ argued republican government was the best democratic government + inspired government branches

Common Sense

• By Thomas Paine → shifted colonies from wanting to be britisch citizens to wanting full independence

2nd continental congress

DoI was formally shut down because of Enlightenment ideas but now was accepted and publicly released on July 4th

1776

2nd Continental Congress + DoI

Loyalist

People who wanted to remain citizens of Britain

Patriots

wanted independence from Britain

Battle Of Saratoga

1777 → Turning point because B. Franklin convinced Frank to ally with colonies against Britain

1777

Battle Of Saratoga

Battle of Yorktown

1781 → With the aid of French ships and guns, Britain surrendered to the colonies

1781

Battle of Yorktown

Paris Peace Treaty

1783 → Britain recognized America as independent nation whose western boundary would be established by Mississippi River

How revolution ideas effected AMERICAN SOCIETIES

1. Greater Democratic Influence(ex: the right to vote w/o titles/nobilities)

2. increasing concerns over societal inequality (ex: slavery)

3. Women (ex ladies association of PA: women who aided supply to troops with clothing ,bandages, and bullets

Global Impact of American Revolution

1789 → French Revolution (French citizens fighting against monarch) → Dec. of Rights of Men (influenced by DoI)

1791 → Haitian Revolution (enslaved population of Haiti revolted against masters, led by Toussaint L’ouvetone)

Latin Revolutions

Articles of Confederation

1781 → ratified into new givern doctrine , each state had veto power, very WEAK

1781

Articles of Confederation

1789

French Revolution

1791

Haitian Revolution

Effect of AoC

Native Americans were resisting settlement so the Northwest Ordinance was passed

Shay’s Rebellion

Shays Rebellion

1786-1787 → Farmers in debt from revolution attacked Massachusetts, MA called for federal troops but there were none under the AoC

1787

Shays Rebellion + Constitution Convention

Constitutional Convention

In PA → meeting between delegates and founding fathers to establish new government

NJ Plan

Every state had equal representatives→ appealed to small states

VA Plan

Representatives based on population→ appealed to big states

Great Compromise

Combination of VA and NJ plans → made 2 Houses → House of Representatives: where # representatives by population & Senate: = representation

Effect of Great Compromise

Debates between south and north on over enslaved population counting as population for House of representatives

Federalist Papers

A. Hamilton, J. Jay, and J. Madison series of essays to convince ratification

Federalism

The sharing of power between state and national governments

Pickney’s Treaty

1795 → Spain agreed to let Americans use New Orleans Port to trade

Battle of Fallen Timbers

US defeats Native Americans snd Natives surrender all lands im Ohio Valley

3/5 Compromise

3/5 of slaves should count as population

Whiskey Rebellion

PA farmers attack federal tax collected → proved government was strong because they stoped it

Federalist

Led by A. Hamilton → wanted strong central government→ favored urban interests

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

→ promoted public education

→ provisions for protection of private property

→ abolished slavery in NW territory

Demo-Republicans

Led by T.Jefferson and J. Madison→ stromg state rights → favored rural intrests

Washington’s farewell address

promoted neutrality and warned against political parties/factions

XYZ Affair

3 French diplomats who asked for bribe and refused to negotiate with America

Alien + Sedition Acts

Prisonment of non-americans and those who spoke o it against government→ Demo-Rep outraged by this

VA & KY Resolutions

stated states could nullify laed passed by federal government that went against powers granted by the constitution