Ancient Greece Vocabulary & Key Concepts for
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59 Terms
Agora
An open-air marketplace in a Greek city-state.
Alphabet
Letters used to write a language.
Fresco
A painting made on wet plaster.
Helot
A state-owned slave in Sparta.
Hoplite
A heavily armed Greek soldier.
Linear B
The Mycenaean writing system; early Greek language.
Oligarchy
Government ruled by a few powerful citizens.
Oral Tradition
Stories passed down by word of mouth.
Polis
A Greek city-state.
Redistributive Economy
A system where goods are collected and handed out by leaders.
Veto
To vote against or block something.
Hellenization
Alexander spread Greek culture (language, art, science, buildings) to lands he conquered.
Solon
He ended debt slavery, gave more people rights, based on wealth not family.
Cleisthenes
Created Council of 500, let citizens vote more.
Pericles
Paid people to serve, strengthened democracy, led Golden Age.
Minoans
Peaceful, loved art, lived on Crete, frescoes.
Mycenaeans
Warriors, built forts, mainland Greece, fought wars like the Trojan War.
Citizens in the polis
Free men could vote, own land, speak in government, and be soldiers.
Political ideas from the polis
Small city-states let citizens take part in government, which helped create democracy.
Leadership qualities of Alexander
Brave, smart in battle, inspired his army, spread Greek ideas.
Comparison of Athens and Sparta
Both Greek city-states, cared about polis, had armies; Athens: democracy, education, arts, navy; Sparta: military-focused, oligarchy.
Agora
An open-air marketplace in a Greek city-state.
Alphabet
Letters used to write a language.
Fresco
A painting made on wet plaster.
Helot
A state-owned slave in Sparta.
Hoplite
A heavily armed Greek soldier.
Linear B
The Mycenaean writing system; early Greek language.
Oligarchy
Government ruled by a few powerful citizens.
Oral Tradition
Stories passed down by word of mouth.
Polis
A Greek city-state.
Redistributive Economy
A system where goods are collected and handed out by leaders.
Veto
To vote against or block something.
Hellenization
Alexander spread Greek culture (language, art, science, buildings) to lands he conquered.
Solon
He ended debt slavery, gave more people rights, based on wealth not family.
Cleisthenes
Created Council of 500, let citizens vote more.
Pericles
Paid people to serve, strengthened democracy, led Golden Age.
Minoans
Peaceful, loved art, lived on Crete, frescoes.
Mycenaeans
Warriors, built forts, mainland Greece, fought wars like the Trojan War.
Citizens in the polis
Free men could vote, own land, speak in government, and be soldiers.
Political ideas from the polis
Small city-states let citizens take part in government, which helped create democracy.
Leadership qualities of Alexander
Brave, smart in battle, inspired his army, spread Greek ideas.
Comparison of Athens and Sparta
Both Greek city-states, cared about polis, had armies; Athens: democracy, education, arts, navy; Sparta: military-focused, oligarchy.
Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations: Similarities and Differences
Both were early Greek cultures. Minoans were peaceful, art-loving (Crete, frescoes); Mycenaeans were warriors, built forts (mainland Greece, Trojan War).
Impact of Cleisthenes' Athenian Assembly
Likely empowered Athenians by creating the Council of 500 and allowing more citizen voting, increasing participation in government.
Key Contributors to Athenian Democracy
Solon: ended debt slavery, expanded rights based on wealth. Cleisthenes: created Council of 500, increased citizen voting. Pericles: paid citizens for service, strengthened democracy, led Golden Age.