nutrition- infant nutrients

Calories infants

108 kcal/kg/day (0–6 months)

carbohydrates infants

• 60g/day (0–6 months)

• 95g/day (7–12 months)

Protein infants

• 9g/day (0–6 months)

• 11g/day (7–12 months)

Fat infants

Not restricted; crucial for brain development.

high needs for these micronutrients in infants

• Vitamin D

• Iron

• Vitamin K

• Vitamin B12 (if breastfed by vegan mothers)

Vitamin K supplement for infants

Given by injection at birth to prevent bleeding.

Vitamin D supplement for infants

400 IU/day (start by 2 months if breastfed).

Iron supplement for infants

Via iron-fortified cereal at ~6 months.

Vitamin B12 supplement for infants

Needed if mother is strictly vegan.

carb need for pregnant women

175g/day minimum.

protein need for pregnant women

71g/day (~35% increase).

folaten need for pregnant women

600 µg/day (prevents neural tube defects).

iron need for pregnant women

supports red blood cells and placenta ( take supplements to meet 27 mg/day).

zinc and copper needs for pregnant women

Cell division, energy, connective tissue.

calcium needs for pregnant women

Fetal bones; absorption increases.

vitamin D needs for pregnant women

Supports calcium use; linked to low birth weight and diabetes.

DHA and coline needs for pregnant women

Brain and cell development.

what micronutrient should be limited during pregnancy and why ?

vitamin A

excess can cause birth defects