Chapter 5 (Humanities)

What characterized Germanic tribes as societies?

They were mobile warrior societies that valued violence, loyalty to chieftains, and oral traditions.

How did Germanic tribes influence early medieval culture?

They shaped early medieval law and culture through their customs and strong warrior bonds.

What was the focus of Germanic literature and art?

Their stories and art focused on heroic deeds, battles, and loyalty, often passed down by word of mouth.

What was the Carolingian Renaissance?

A revival of Roman culture, education, and Christianity led by Charlemagne, focusing on spreading literacy and preserving classical knowledge.

What role did monastic complexes play during the Middle Ages?

Monasteries became centers for learning, book copying, and spiritual life.

How were medieval books created?

Books were handmade by monks, often decorated with detailed designs.

What is feudalism?

A political and social system where land was exchanged for loyalty and military service, with kings giving land to nobles.

What was the status of medieval serfs?

Serfs were peasants tied to the land, working for protection and a place to live but with little freedom.

What was the impact of the Norman Conquest in 1066?

William the Conqueror invaded England, changing English culture, language, and politics.

What purpose did Norman castles serve?

They were built for defense and control, showcasing Norman power and serving as military and political centers.

What is the Bayeux Tapestry?

A long embroidered cloth that tells the story of the Norman Conquest and events like the Battle of Hastings.

What were the Crusades?

A series of religious wars where Christians tried to take the Holy Land from Muslim rule, leading to cultural exchange and violence.

What is The Song of Roland?

A heroic poem from the Crusades era that praised loyalty and bravery, telling the story of a knight who died for his lord.

What is troubadour verse?

Poetry written by traveling musicians about love, honor, and chivalry, popular in noble courts.

What defines the medieval romance genre?

Stories that mixed adventure, love, and knights’ quests, often with magical or legendary elements.

What is the code of courtly love?

A set of rules idealizing a knight’s love for a lady, often expressed in a respectful or distant way.

What characterized Japan’s court culture during the Heian period?

Nobles focused on beauty, poetry, and proper behavior, creating a refined and artistic culture.

What achievements occurred during Tang and Song China?

These dynasties saw great progress in art, government, and science, leading to a more advanced and wealthy empire.

What technological advancements did China contribute?

Inventions such as gunpowder, the compass, and printing, along with high-quality paintings and ceramics.