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Biopsychosocial model

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90 Terms

1

Biopsychosocial model

A model that considers biological, environmental, and psychosocial factors as relevant for the etiology of health.

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2

Stages of Change Model

A model outlining the stages individuals go through to change behavior: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance.

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3

Motivational Interviewing

A counseling technique that helps people overcome conflicts and find motivation to change behavior.

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4

Social Support

Having social relationships that can lower stress before and after stressful events.

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5

Stress

The body's response to stressors, as defined by Hans Selye.

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6

Nervous System

The body's system including sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (calms down after stress) responses.

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7

Yerkes-Dodson Law

A principle stating that different tasks require different levels of stress for optimal performance.

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8

General Adaptation Syndrome

The common effects of stressful demands on the body, consisting of three phases: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

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9

Learned Helplessness

The phenomenon where individuals learn they are helpless when faced with repeated adverse events.

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10

Mindfulness

A reflective practice linked to improved happiness, anxiety, sleep, and immune functioning.

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11

Cognitive Appraisal

The interpretation of life events as harmful or challenging, which can be engaged in positively.

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12

Self-Serving Bias

The tendency to attribute successes to internal factors and failures to external factors.

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13

Fundamental Attribution Error

The tendency to overestimate internal traits and underestimate external situations in explaining behavior.

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14

Cognitive Dissonance

Mental discomfort caused by awareness of a mismatch between attitudes and actions.

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15

Social Facilitation

Improvement in an individual's performance when in the presence of others.

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16

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information that confirms one's beliefs.

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17

Prejudice

An unfair and negative attitude towards a group and its members.

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18

Discrimination

Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members.

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19

Aggression

Behavior characterized by intention to harm or injure someone.

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20

Companionate Love

A deep affectionate attachment that characterizes mature relationships.

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21

Psychopathology

The study of the nature, development, and treatment of psychological disorders.

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22

Etiology

The study of the causes or manner of causation for a condition.

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23

Anxiety Disorder

A mental health disorder characterized by excessive fear, worry, or anxiety.

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24

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

A type of psychotherapy that helps patients understand the thoughts and feelings that influence behaviors.

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25

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A disorder characterized by unwanted intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions).

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26

Bipolar Disorder

A mental health condition characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania.

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27

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A psychological disorder that can occur after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event.

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28

Suicide Prevention

Strategies and resources used to reduce the risk of suicide.

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29

Flourishing

A state of optimal mental health characterized by positive emotions and functioning.

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30

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A prediction that causes itself to become true due to the behavior it generates.

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31

Social Loafing

The tendency of individuals to exert less effort when working in groups compared to working alone.

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32

Group Polarization

The tendency for a group to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members.

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33

Vulnerability-Stress Model

A framework suggesting that psychological disorders occur when a predisposition meets environmental stress.

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34

Learning Theory of Depression

A theory that suggests depression is linked to learned behaviors and reinforcement.

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35

Coping Strategies

Methods a person uses to deal with stressful situations.

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36

Emotional Regulation

The ability to monitor and manage emotions in various situations.

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37

Social Psychology

The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another.

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38

Compassionate Love

A love characterized by mutual respect and affection.

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39

Agoraphobia

A fear of situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable if a panic attack occurs.

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40

Adaptation Level Phenomenon

The tendency to judge various stimuli relative to those we have previously experienced.

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41

Disordered Thinking

A common symptom in schizophrenia characterized by derailed or disorganized thought processes.

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42

Somatic Symptoms

Physical symptoms arising from psychological factors.

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43

Implicit Bias

Attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner.

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44

Personality Disorders

Enduring patterns of behavior and inner experiences that deviate markedly from cultural expectations.

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45

Internal Locus of Control

The belief that one has control over their own life and outcomes.

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46

External Locus of Control

The belief that outside forces or luck determine one's life circumstances.

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47

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

A form of cognitive therapy that focuses on changing irrational beliefs that cause emotional distress.

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48

Social Constructionism

A theory that suggests that legitimate knowledge is constructed through social processes.

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49

Neural Plasticity

The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life.

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50

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis

A central part of the stress response system that controls reactions to stress.

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51

Catastrophizing

Cognitive distortion where individuals expect the worst possible outcome.

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52

Resilience

The ability to adapt well in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats, or significant sources of stress.

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53

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)

A therapeutic approach that uses mindfulness meditation to reduce stress.

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54

Sociocultural Factors

Social and cultural influences that impact emotional and mental health.

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55

Crisis Intervention

Immediate and short-term psychological care aimed at assisting individuals in a crisis situation.

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56

Substance Use Disorders

Disorders characterized by an individual’s harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances.

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57

Peer Pressure

Influence from members of one's peer group to conform to certain behaviors.

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58

Therapeutic Alliance

The collaborative relationship between a client and therapist.

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59

Behavioral Activation

A therapeutic approach that encourages individuals to engage in activities that are aligned with their values.

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60

Coping Mechanisms

Strategies people use to manage stress and emotional pain.

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61

Stress Resilience

The ability to adapt effectively in the face of adversity and stress.

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62

Substance Abuse

The harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs.

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63

Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)

A time-limited treatment that focuses on improving interpersonal relationships and social functioning.

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64

Emotion-Focused Coping

A coping strategy aimed at reducing negative emotional responses to stress.

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65

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

A standardized classification system for mental health disorders.

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66

Trauma-Informed Care

An approach in healthcare that acknowledges the impact of trauma on individuals.

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67

Positive Psychology

The study of human functioning that emphasizes strengths and virtues.

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68

Stress-Buffering Hypothesis

The idea that social support protects against stress and its negative health effects.

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69

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

A therapist-guided treatment that focuses on teaching skills for emotional regulation.

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70

Systematic Desensitization

A behavioral technique used to reduce anxiety responses to specific phobias.

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71

Exposure Therapy

A psychological treatment that helps patients confront their fears.

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72

Empathic Listening

A communication technique involving deep listening to understand the feelings of others.

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73

Self-Care Strategies

Activities that individuals engage in to promote their mental, emotional, and physical well-being.

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74

Transdiagnostic Model

A framework for understanding mental health disorders based on shared factors across disorders.

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75

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

A form of psychotherapy that uses acceptance and mindfulness strategies to increase psychological flexibility.

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76

Situational Factors

Short-term influences on a person's behavior or mental state.

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77

Cognitive Behavioral Model

A model that explains how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are interconnected.

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78

Behavioral Economics

A field that studies how psychological factors influence economic decision-making.

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79

Spiritual Well-Being

The aspect of health that relates to one's sense of purpose and meaning in life.

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80

Critical Social Theory

The theoretical framework that seeks to critique and change society as a whole.

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81

Compassion Fatigue

A state of emotional burnout in caregiving professions.

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82

Neuroticism

A personality trait characterized by anxiety, fear, moodiness, worry, envy, frustration, jealousy, and loneliness.

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83

Impulse Control Disorders

Disorders characterized by the inability to resist a temptation, urge, or impulse.

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84

Cognitive Flexibility

The mental ability to switch between thinking about two different concepts and to think about multiple concepts simultaneously.

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85

Humanistic Psychology

A psychological perspective that emphasizes the study of the whole person.

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86

Self-Actualization

The realization or fulfillment of one's talents and potential.

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87

Affective Forecasting

The process of predicting how one will feel in the future.

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88

Behaviorism

A theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning.

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89

Psychopharmacology

The study of the effects of drugs on the mind and behavior.

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90

Psychotherapy Integration

Combining techniques and ideas from various schools of psychotherapy.

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