animal and plant cells

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41 Terms

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cell membrane

Surrounds the cell and holds the cell together, bi-layered

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cell wall

Supports & protects plant cell, Provides rigidity (plants dont have a skeleton), Made of cellulose

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cytosol

Jelly-like material that fills the cytoplasm, Holds organelles in place, Gives shape to the cell

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nucleus

Controls Cellular Activities, Contains DNA, The “control centre” of the cell

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nucleolus

makes dna and ribosomes (made of dna protien)

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mitochondria

Produces Chemical Energy: The “powerhouse” of the cell

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chloroplast

Where photosynthesis occurs, Use energy of the sunlight co2 and h2o to produce glucose and oxygen, Contains chlorophyll

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ribosome

makes protien

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endoplasmic rectillium

smooth ER transports lipids, rough ER transports ribosomes

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golgi appratus

packages materials to transport out of cell

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vacuole

Storage centre for food, nutrients water & waste, Many vacuoles in animal cells, 1 large vacuole in plant cells

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lysosome

breaks down and removes waste, exclusive to animal cells

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making protiens

The nucleus stores DNA, which provides instructions for protein synthesis. Proteins are made in two steps: transcription, where RNA is copied from DNA, and translation, where ribosomes use RNA to assemble amino acids into proteins.

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exporting protiens

Proteins for export are made by ribosomes on the rough ER, folded, then sent to the Golgi apparatus for modification and packaging. Vesicles transport these proteins to the cell membrane for release.

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photosynthesis

occurs in chloroplasts, sunlight, h2o and co2 is converted to glucose and o2

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cellular respiration

occurs in the mitochondria, conversion of glucose and oxygen to (ATP- adenosine triphosphate) energy

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stomata

opens and closes to let gases in and out of leaves

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fungal cells

Cell Wall Made from chitin, Do not have chloroplast

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prokaryote

smaller and Simpler, single-celled organisms without a nucleus. Their DNA floats freely in the cytoplasm, and they lack membrane-bound organelles. Examples include bacteria

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eukaryote

more Complex larger cells with a nucleus to store DNA and membrane-bound organelles that perform specialized functions. Found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

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specialised cells

A cell with unique structures to perform certain functions

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red blood cells

Flattened disc shape, Large surface area, Efficient gas exchange, Contain haemoglobin which attaches to oxygen

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neuron

Long, branch like structures called drendites recieve signals from other neurons, they Carry electrical impulses, through a long axon, gaps called synapses to pass signals

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guard cells

open and close stomata, Contains vacuole and chloroplast, Thick inner wall

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root hair cells

absorbs nutrients from soil

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Intestinal Epithelial Cells

A cell with finger-like structures to maximise surface area that help it absorb water and nutrients from food

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Myocytes

muscle cells that contract and relax to control muscle movements A long, thin cell

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cytoskeleton

holds organelles in place

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centrioles

exclusive to animal cells; aids in cell division/ mitosis, organises spindle fibres from the cytoskeleton

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cilia and flagella

created by the centrioles, enables cell movement/ movement across the cell surface

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smooth muscle cells

are involuntary and are in organs like the intestine and stomach

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skeletal cell

long, cylindrical cells, strong and rigid

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cardiac cells

involuntary and striated,

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bacteria

1 of 3 domains of life, unicellular prokaryotes that can be found in soil, water and other organisms

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archaea

1 of 3 domains of life, unicellular prokaryotes that can thrive in extreme environments, e.g yeast

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fat cell

A large cell that stores excess energy from food

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organ

A body part that performs a specific function

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tissue

A group of similar cells that work together

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white blood cells

A cell that helps to protect the body from infections

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shape, and size, number of and type of organelles to suit function

specialised cells vary in..

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<p>1000</p>

1000

micrometers in a millimeter