UNIT 6 :Consequences of industrialization c.1750 to 1900

Explain how various environmental factors contributed to the development of the global economy from 1750 to 1900

• Natural Resources: Access to coal, rubber, and timber in colonies supported industrial economies in Europe.

• Geography: Strategic locations, like Suez Canal and Panama Canal, facilitated global trade and shipping.

• Climate: Tropical climates in colonies (ex: Africa and Southeast Asia) provided raw materials like sugar and cotton, fueling the global economy.

Explain how and why internal and external factors have influenced the process of state building from 1750 to 1900.

• Internal Factors: Social movements (e.g., Revolutions) and economic shifts (e.g., Industrial Revolution) changed internal power dynamics, leading to state reforms.

• External Factors: Colonial competition and the rise of global trade networks influenced states to modernize to maintain power and protect resources

Explain how various economic factors contributed to the development of the global economy from 1750 to 1900.

• Industrial Revolution: Innovations in manufacturing, transportation (steamships, railroads), and communication (telegraph) created a global market for goods.

• Colonial Economies: European powers relied on colonies for raw materials, which were processed and sold globally.

• Capitalism: Growth of global trade networks and financial institutions like banks and joint-stock companies promoted international commerce.

Explain how various environmental factors contributed to the development of varied patterns of migration from 1750 to 1900.

• Agricultural Changes: Irish migration to the U.S. during the Potato Famine due to crop failure.

• Climate: Chinese migration to Southeast Asia caused by natural disasters and crop failures.

• Urbanization: Migration from rural areas to industrial cities in search of factory jobs, especially in Britain.

Explain how various economic factors contributed to the development of varied patterns of migration from 1750 to 1900.

• Labor Demand: Indian laborers migrated to the Caribbean and Southeast Asia for plantation work.

• Industrialization: Factory jobs in places like the U.S. attracted Polish and Italian migrants.

• Colonial Economies: Colonies required migrant workers for resource extraction, especially in Africa and Southeast Asia.

Explain how and why new patterns of migration affected society from 1750 to 1900.

• Urbanization: Rapid migration to cities led to overcrowding, poor living conditions, and the rise of working-class communities.

• Labor Movements: Migrant laborers, especially in colonies, worked on plantations and mines, impacting social structures (ex: Indian laborers in the Caribbean).

• Cultural Exchange: Migration led to the exchange of ideas, languages, and cultures (e.g., Chinese migration to Southeast Asia).

Explain the relative significance of the effects of imperialism from 1750 to 1900.

• Economic Exploitation: Colonies provided raw materials for European economies, leaving them dependent.

• Cultural Impact: Western education, religion, and governance spread, while indigenous cultures were suppressed.

• Political Changes: Colonies saw the replacement of traditional systems with colonial governments (e.g., British Raj in India).

• Resistance: Imperialism sparked resistance movements (e.g., Sepoy Rebellion, Boxer Rebellion) that later contributed to decolonization.

Compare processes by which state power shifted in various parts of the world from 1750 to 1900.

• European Imperialism: European powers like Britain and France expanded their empires in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific, often using military force and economic control.

• Latin America: Inspired by Enlightenment ideas and revolutions (ex: Haitian Revolution), many Latin American states gained independence from European colonial powers.

• Ottoman Empire: Lost territories due to nationalist movements in Europe, leading to the decline of the Ottoman Empire.

Explain how ideologies contributed to the development of imperialism from 1750 to 1900.

• Social Darwinism: Justified imperialism by suggesting that stronger nations were “naturally” superior and had the right to dominate weaker ones.

• Nationalism: European powers wanted to expand their empires to show national strength and compete with other nations.

• The White Man’s Burden: Belief that Europeans had a duty to “civilize” and “modernize” non-Western societies, promoting imperial expansion.