Exam 3 - Chapter 32

Zoonosis

Animal disease transmissible to humans

Wild animals are reservoirs for disease because…

they are not treated by vets or immunized the same way livestock or pets would be

Zoonoses are generally transmitted via…

Direct contact, aerosols, or bites

Rabies is caused by a…

negative stranded RNA virus

Rabies infects…

central nervous system of warm-blooded animals

If not treated, rabies leads to…

death

Rabies enters the body through…

a wound or bite

Rabies is diagnosed using…

tissue samples

Victims of rabies can be passively immunized with…

rabies immune globulin

_____ can also provide immunization for rabies

A rabies virus vaccine

Arthropod-Transmitted Bacterial and Viral Diseases

• Rickettsial diseases

• Lyme disease and Borrelia

• Yellow fever

• Dengue fever

• Chikungunya

• Zika

• West nile virus

• Plague

Vectors for Rickettsial diseases

Lice and ticks

Vector for lyme disease

Ticks

Vector for Borrelia

Ticks

Vector for yellow fever

Aedes mosquito

Vector for dengue fever

Aedes mosquito

Vector for chikungunya

Aedes mosquito

Vector for Zika

Aedes mosquito

Vector for west nile virus

Culex mosquito

Vector for plague

Fleas

Female body lice can carry…

Rickettsia prowazekii

Rickettsia prowazekii causes…

typhus

The American dog tick carries…

Rickettsia rickettsii

Rickettsia rickettsii causes

spotted fever rickettsiosis

Rickettsia rickettsii is a…

small intracellular parasite

Causative pathogen for lyme disease

Borrelia burgdorferi

Shape of Borrelia burgdorferi

Spirochete

Borrelia burgdorferi contains a…

linear chromosome

____ is the major vector of lyme disease

Deer ticks

What does a lyme disease infection look like after bite?

Bullseye shape redness

During the initial stages, lyme disease can be treated with…

antibiotics

Chronic stage of lyme disease develops within…

weeks to months

Possible symptoms of chronic lyme disease

• Arthritis

• Neurological damage

• Heart damage

Causative pathogen of plague in humans

Y. pestis

Y. pestis produces…

virulence factors that contribute to the disease process

Reservoirs for plague

infected rodents

What type of plague infects wild rodents and rats?

Sylvatic plague

What type of plague infect humans?

Bubonic plague

What type of plague has airborne transmission?

Pneumonic plague

What type of plague infect the bloodstream

Septicemic plague

Plague can be treated if…

it is rapidly diagnosed

When wild rodents are infected with plagues, it can be…

fatal or nonfatal

Plague in rats is…

fatal

Once plague infects humans it can…

• Cause pneumonic plague through airborne transmission

• Infect the bloodstream causing septicemic plague

• Be fatal

Pathway of plague infection

• Infected flea serves as vector

• Fleas infect wild rodents and/or rats (reservoirs)

• Infected fleas from rat or wild rodent reservoir bite human

• Human is infected with bubonic plague and can spread it and/or die

Soil-borne bacterial diseases

• Anthrax

• Tetanus

• Gas gangrene

Causative pathogen of anthrax

Bacillus anthracis

Characteristics of anthrax

• Anaerobic

• Endospore-forming

Causative pathogen of tetanus

Clostridium tetani

Causative pathogen of gas gangrene

C. perfringens