Rad Pro CH 5 Book Anatomy of thumb finger hand wrist

anatomists divide bones of upper extremities into the following groups

hand

forearm

arm

shoulder girdle

how many bones are in the hand?

27

groups of the hand bones

phalanges

metacarpals

carpals

what are the phalanges

bones of the digits

fingers and thumb

what are the metacarpals?

bones of the palm

what are the carpals?

bones of the wrist

the five digits are described by

numbers and names

the first digit is the

thumb

the second digit is the

index finger

the third digit is the

middle finger

the fourth digit is the

ring finger

the fifth digit is the

small finger

total number of phalanges

14

classification of phalanges, what type of bone

long bone

body and articular ends

9 phalanges have

two articular ends

the first digit has ___ phalanges

what are they

2

prox and distal

all the other digits except for the first digit have ___ phalanges

3

prox middle distal

prox phalange location

closest to palm

distal phalange location

farthest from the palm

the distal phalanges are ___ and ____

small and flattened

rough rim around distal anterior end

each phalanx has a ___ ____ ____

head

body

base

how many metacarpals are there?

5

metacarpals shape

clyindric

concave anteriorly

palm of hand

metacarpal bone classification

long bones

body and two articular ends - head and base

area below the head of a metacarpal is

neck

where do fractures often occur in metacarpals ?

the neck

what does the first metacarpal contain?

2 sesamoid bones on the palmar aspect below the neck

a single sesamoid is often seen at

the same level on the 2nd metacarpal

metacarpal heads are also known as

knuckles

metacarpals how are they numbered

how do they move lat or med

1-5

starting at lateral side

the wrist has _______ _______ bones

8

carpal

what type of bones are the carpals?

short

prox row of carpals contains

scaphoid

lunate

triquetrum

pisiform

distal row of carpals contains

trapezium

trapezoid

capitate

hamate

characteristics of the scaphoid

largest

tubercle on anterior and lateral aspect

palpable near base of thumb

characteristics of the lunate

crescent shaped

characteristics of the triquetrum

pyramid shaped

characteristics of the pisiform

pea shaped

characteristics of the trapezium

tubercle and groove on anterior surface

the tubercles of the trapezium and scaphoid constitute the lateral margin of the ____

carpal groove

characteristics of the trapezoid

smaller surface anteriorly than posteriorly

characteristics of the capitate

largest and most centrally located carpal

characteristics of the hamate

wedge shaped

snuff box

triangular depression of wrist

formed by tendons of two major muscles of thumb

radial artery carries blood to the

dorsum of the hand

snuff box tenderness is a sign of

scaphoid fracture

most commonly fractured carpal bone

scaphoid

what side of the wrist is concave?

anterior palmar surface

what forms the carpal sulcus?

anterior palmar surface of wrist

what is the flexor retinaculum?

strong fibrous band that attaches medially to the pisiform and hook of hamate laterally to tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

another name for carpal canal

carpal tunnel

carpal canal/tunnel definition

passageway between carpal sulcus and flexor retinaculum

what passes through the carpal canal?

median nerve and flexor tendons

what causes carpal tunnel syndrome?

compression of median nerve inside the carpal tunnel

two classifications of joints

structural and functional

whats the more common classification of joints?

structural

functional joints are based on

mobility

list functional joints

synarthroses

amphiarthroses

diarthroses

synarthroses movement

immovable

amphiarthroses movement

slightly movable

diarthroses movement

freely movable

strucutral classification groups

fibrous

cartilaginous

synovial

what joints are between the phalanges?

interphalangeal

what type of joints are the interphalangeal joints, movement?

synovial hinge

freely movable

IP joints

pip and dip

name of IP joint on 1st digit

IP

what joints are between the metacarpals and phalanges?

MCP

metacarpophalangeal

What kind of joints are the MCPs, movement?

synovial ellipsoidal

freely movable

what movement do ellipsoid joints have?

flexion

extension

abduction

adduction

circumduction

because of the ___ _____ and ____ surface of the MCP thumb joint only limited abduction and adduction are possible

less convex

wider

what joints are between the carpals and metacarpals?

carpometacarpals

What kind of joints are the CMCs, movement 1st digit?

synovial saddle

freely movable

what type of movement is a saddle joint?

movement in two axes

side to side

up and down

What kind of joints are the CMCs, movement 2nd-5th digit?

synovial gliding

freely movable

What kind of joints are the CMCs, movement intercarpal?

synovial gliding

freely movable

What kind of joints are the CMCs, movement radiocarpal?

synovial ellipsoidal

freely movable

what joint is between the radius and the carpals?

radiocarpal

What kind of joint is the radiolunar, movement prox and dist?

synovial pivot freely movable

what movements does a pivot joint permit?

rotation around a single axis

What kind of joint is the radiolunar humeroulnar, movement?

synovial hinge

freely movable

What kind of joint is the radiolunar humeroradial, movement?

synovial hinge

freely movable

in pronation ___ turns medially and crosses the ____ and the ___ makes a slight counter rotation that rotates the humerus medially

radius

ulna

ulna