IB Psych Cognitive Review Jeopardy

the tendency to recall the first and last items on a list better than the items in the middle

Serial Positioning Effect

which study used a real crime scene as part of their study?

Yuille & Cutshall (1986) gun shop in Vancouver

Type of memory involved in riding a bike

Procedural memory

the number of memory stores in the atkinson-shiffrin MSM

3

temporary storage system that allows information from other systems to be combined with info. from the LTM

episodic buffer

theory explaining how we structure and organize knowledge to aid in learning, expectations, and perceptions

Schema theory

Pre-existing schemas are changed to fit the characteristics of a new object

aacomodation

behavior-consequence association

operant conditioning

the condition for increasing the duration of short-term memory to long-term.

Rehearsal

father of behaviorism

john b. watson

which theory suggests that the experience of emotion results from an awareness of one’s own physiological arousal?

james-lange theory of emotion

walking home from work late one night, tilly suddenly hears footsteps behind her. her heart pounds, her muscles tense, and her mouth goes dry. which nervous system is being activated?

sympathetic nervous system sns

the most unambiguous nonverbal clue to our specific emotional state is provided by our…

facial expressions

theory of emotion that emphasizes the cognitive label

Schachter–Singer Two-Factor Theory of Emotion

an example of something people are biologically predisposed to fear

snakes or spiders

study used an indigenous story for schema theory

“war of the ghosts” by Bartlett

whose aim could have been “to investigate the effect of leading question on memory recall?”

loftus and palmer

shallice and warrington used which research method

case studies

when students perceive the arousal that accompanies test-taking as energizing rather than debilitating, they experience much less anxiety. which theory best explains this?

cognitive arousal theory

remembering words better at the end of a list

recency effect (still in stm)

unrelenting, unwanted recollections that can cause memory distortions

intrusive memories

type of LTM (long term memory) includes semantic memory and episodic memory

explicit (declarative) memory

semantic memory

Stores facts, concepts, and general knowledge about the world that isn’t tied to personal experience.

episodic memory

Memory of personal experiences or events — tied to a specific time and place. you can re-live the event in your mind.

maintaining information over time

memory

best example of a hierarchy or concept

concept hierarchy (animal —> bird —> robin chain)

mental shortcuts

heuristics

student crammed for the test and passed, they keep cramming

reinforcement (operant conditioning)

the way a problem is posed influences the way we address the situation

framing effect

driving to London because the news reports say flying is too dangerous

availability heuristic

iconic memory

visual sensory memory; part of STM (~0.2 - 0.5 sec.)

echoic memory

auditory sensory memory; part of STM (~3-4 sec)