Lab 5: Musculoskeletal System I

Process

a bony projection

Tubercle

a small rounded projection

Tuberoisty

usually a rough, elevated area of a bone

Trochanter

a large rounded projection

Condyle

rounded articular projection

crest

a ridge of bone

Foramen

round or oval opening through a bone usually used for blood vessels or nerves

Fissure

narrow, slit-like opening

notch

an indention or large groove in a bone

fossa

shallow depression

Parietal bone

2 bones right and left

occipital bone

foramen magnum and occipital condyles

foramen magnum

opening for spinal cord, big hole

occipital condyles

smooth on occipital bone, back of head

temporal bone

2 bones at ear, external acoustic meatus, mastoid process, styloid process, mandibular fossa

external acoustic meatus

ear canal

mastoid process

bump behind ear

styloid process

pointy bone

mandibular fossa

where fossa fits into indention

Sphenoid bone

goes through skull, greater wings, lesser wings, sella turcica, superior orbital fissure, optic canal

greater wings

temple to temple

lesser wings

on top

sella turcica

pituitary gland, saddle

optic canal

its a foramen and goes all the way through

Ethmoid bone

top of septum, cribriform plates, olfactory foramina, and crista Galli

olfactory foramina

necessary for smells

olfactory neurons

smell

superior orbital fissure

hole in eyes

8 cranial bones

frontal, parietal 2, occipital , temporal 2, sphenoid, and ethmoid

Mandible

only moving bone in skull

sternocleidomastoid

flexion of head and neck

trapezious

extension of head and neck

frontalis

wrinkles forehead; lifts eyebrows

occipitals

antagonist to frontalis

orbiculans oculi

squinting; winking

zygomaticus

smiling (pulls corners of mouth up)

risorius

pulls angles or mouth laterally

orbicularis oris

puckers lips as for kissing or whistling

masseter and temporalis

elevation of mandible (chewing)

buccinator

compress cheeks; sucking; assists in chewing by directing food between molars

mentalis

protrudes lower lip as in pouting; wrinkles chin

levator labii superioris

elevates upper lip

depressor labii inferioris

pulls lower lip down as in pouting

genioglossus

protrudes tongue; moves tongue side to side

hyoid

sits in neck area and does not articulate with any bone, looks like a “U”

Prime mover

main muscle that causes specific movement

Antagonist

opposite movement of prime mover

symergist

“helping” another muscle