Food Processing in Animals (copy)

What are the four phases of food processing in animals?

Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Egestion.

What is ingestion in the context of animal nutrition?

Food consumption via alimentary canal and blood.

What occurs during digestion?

Nutrient breakdown into smaller molecules in the alimentary canal.

What is absorption in the digestive process?

Ions, water, and small molecules move from alimentary canal to body fluids.

Define egestion.

Elimination of undigested waste.

What are the five categories of organic nutrients?

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Vitamins.

What are inorganic nutrients necessary for animal nutrition?

Water and Minerals.

How do herbivores adapt their digestive systems?

Microorganisms aid cellulose digestion.

What type of diet do carnivores follow?

They consume animal flesh or fluids.

What distinguishes omnivores from other animals?

Omnivores eat both plant and animal material.

How do carbohydrates function in animal nutrition?

They supply energy and carbon.

What role do proteins play in animal nutrition?

They supply amino acids and energy.

Why are essential nutrients important for animals?

They are compounds not synthesized by the body and must be obtained through diet.

What are essential amino acids?

Nine amino acids needed for protein building that animals cannot synthesize.

Where do carnivores typically obtain essential fatty acids?

From fish or adipose tissues.

What are the two types of vitamins based on solubility?

Water-Soluble Vitamins and Fat-Soluble Vitamins.

What is the function of minerals in animals?

Inorganic ions vital for cell function.

What are the four compartments of a ruminant's stomach?

Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum, Abomasum.

What is the primary function of the small intestine in digestion?

Main site for food/water digestion and absorption.

What do the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder secrete into the duodenum?

Pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate; Liver produces bile; Gallbladder releases bile.