Sampling and Data Collection in Qualitative Research

What is the primary focus of sampling in qualitative research?

Sampling in qualitative research is about the question and method, not generalizability.

What types of samples are typically used in qualitative research?

Qualitative research usually employs small, non-random samples.

What is the purpose of purposive sampling in qualitative research?

Purposive sampling involves deliberately choosing cases that will best contribute to the study.

What is the main goal of snowball sampling?

Snowball sampling aims to ask current participants to make referrals to others who may also contribute to the research.

How does theoretical sampling differ from other sampling methods?

Theoretical sampling is based on concepts discovered in the data and is used to develop emerging theories.

What is data saturation in qualitative research?

Data saturation occurs when no new information is obtained from additional sampling, indicating redundancy.

What sample size is generally recommended for phenomenological studies?

Phenomenological studies typically rely on very small sample sizes of 8-10 participants.

What are the two main data collection methods in qualitative research?

The two main methods are self-report and observation.

What is the difference between unstructured and semi-structured interviews?

Unstructured interviews have no set questions, while semi-structured interviews use a guide with broad topics.

What is a focus group in qualitative research?

A focus group consists of 5 to 10 people discussing a common phenomenon, guided by a moderator.

What are diaries used for in qualitative research?

Diaries are used for narrative self-disclosure about life experiences, often in chronological order.

What is a key advantage of qualitative self-report data?

Qualitative self-reports yield rich information that is difficult to collect through other methods.

What is the role of observation in qualitative research?

Observation allows researchers to directly see participant behavior and the environment, providing insights that may not be verbally expressed.

What are the advantages of qualitative observation?

Qualitative observation can provide deep, broad, and varied information about human behavior.

What challenges may arise during qualitative observation?

Challenges include gaining entrance into the social group, establishing rapport, and potential observer bias.

What is maximum variation sampling?

Maximum variation sampling involves selecting participants along a range of variation in characteristics of interest.

What is the purpose of convenience sampling in qualitative research?

Convenience sampling aims to obtain the greatest possible information from the smallest number of people easily.

What is the significance of transferability in qualitative sampling?

Transferability assesses whether the sample is similar enough to other populations for findings to be applicable.

What is the importance of critiquing qualitative sampling plans?

Critiquing ensures the adequacy, transferability, and appropriateness of the sample for the study's conceptual requirements.

What is the role of the researcher in qualitative observation?

The researcher can be a full participant or a passive observer, depending on the study's needs.

What is the purpose of gathering self-report data?

Gathering self-report data requires careful communication and attention to participants' responses.

What are the five steps involved in sampling for grounded theory?

1. Start with a general notion for initial participants. 2. Use maximum variation for insight. 3. Adjust the sample based on emerging concepts. 4. Continue until theoretical saturation is met. 5. Include confirming and disconfirming cases.

What is the significance of participant selection in qualitative studies?

Selecting articulate and insightful participants can reduce the number needed for effective data collection.

What types of data can qualitative observation provide that other methods may not?

Qualitative observation can provide insights into behaviors that participants may not be able to articulate.

What is the importance of a well-thought-out recruitment plan in qualitative research?

A good recruitment plan maximizes avenues for attracting suitable participants, which is key to research success.

What is the role of the researcher in qualitative self-report data collection?

The researcher must be a good questioner and listener, facilitating a purposeful conversation.