eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell structure

What is in the nucleus

• nuclear envelope - double membrane

• Nuclear pores - allow substances to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm

• Nucleoplasm

• Chromosomes - made prom protein-bond, linear DNA

• Nucleolus - smaller sphere inside which makes ribosomes

• Function - site of DNA replication and transcription and contains genetic code for each cell

What is the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

RER - surface is covered with ribosomes

Function - protein synthesis

SER - no ribosomes

Function - synthesis and processes lipids

Golgi apparatus and vesicle

Golgi apparatus function - processes and packages new lipids and proteins. Also makes lysosomes

Golgi vesicle function - stores lipids and proteins made by the Golgi apparatus and transports them out the cell

Lysosomes

Function - hydrolyse phagocytise cells

- contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes

- digests invading cells or to break down worn out components of the cell

Mitochondria

Has a double membrane, inner one called the cristae, inside is called the matrix

Function - site of aerobic respiration

- site of ATP production

- DNA to code fro enzymes needed in respiration

Ribosomes

Made up of proteins and RNA

Function - site of protein synthesis

Vacuole

Function - makes cells turgid to provide support

Chloroplast

- surrounded by double membrane, contains thylakoids membranes which are stacked up in some parts of chloroplast to from grana

Function - site of photosynthesis

Cel wall

Plants - made of cellulose

Fungi - made of chitin

Function - provide structural strength to cell

Structure of prokaryotic cells

• No membrane bound organelles (like Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, nucleus)

• No nucleus - instead theres singer circular DNA molecule

• Cell wall made of murein

• Plasmids are small loops of DNA

• Some contain plasmids and flagellum